Acta Scientific Medical Sciences (ASMS)(ISSN: 2582-0931)

Research Article Volume 10 Issue 2

A Combined Treatment of Chemotherapy and HAMLET Orally to a Patient with a Condition of Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Induced a Higher Functional UP Genes (Organelle Biogenesis, Immune System, Serotonin Hormone Signaling) than DOWN Regulated Genes (Cytokine and Signaling in Cancer, Hemostasis): A Report Case Study

Gloria G Guerrero-Manriquez1 *, Arturo Araujo-Conejo 2 , Enciso-de la TorreAndrés1 , Diana Cecilia Reyes-Moreno3 , Diego Cano-Sanchez4 and Paulina Perez-Maldonado 5

1 Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, UAZ, Campus II, Zacatecas, Zac, Mexico
2 Hospital General Zacatecas, "Luz González Cosió", IMSS bienestar, Zacatecas, Zac, Mexico
3 Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, UAZ, Siglo XXI, Zacatecas, Zac, Mexico
4 Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, UAZ, Campus Fresnillo. Zacatecas, Zac, Zacatecas, Zac, Mexico
5 Centro de Salud El Bordo, SSZ, Zacatecas, Zac, Mexico

*Corresponding Author: Gloria G Guerrero-Manriquez, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, UAZ, Campus II, Zacatecas, Zac, Mexico.

Received: December 23, 2025; Published: January 31, 2026

Abstract

Hodgkin’s lymphoma was first described in 1832. The etiology of this lymphoma, however, remained enigmatic for a long time. Only within the past 10 years has the B-cell nature of the pathognomonic Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells been revealed, along with several recurrent genetic lesions. It has been suggested that the Hodgkin’s lymphoma microenvironment is dominated by an extensive mixed, potentially inflammatory cellular infiltrate. Understanding the contribution of all of these changes to the pathogenesis of this disease is essential for the development of novel immunotherapies. On the other hand, the anti-tumorigenic activity therapeutic effects of α-lactal albumin complexed with C18:1 fatty acid (oleic acid) or HAMLET (human α-lactal albumin made lethal to tumor cells) have been demonstrated in human skin papilloma’s and bladder cancers. HAMLET limits the progression of human glioblastomas, with no evidence of toxicity for normal brain or bladder tissue. In a previous work, it has been proposed the use of HAMLET (alpha-lactal albumin lethal to kill tumor cells) as palliative agent for cancer patients before and after chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. In the present report the results of a classic Hodgkin’s lymphoma (cHL) case in an adolescent female patient who was given Hamlet orally as a palliative measure to reduce the side effects of the chemotherapy treatment, as well as to identify genetic changes that could be attributed to the consumption of the compound.

Keywords: Cancer, Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, Human Maternal Milk, HAMLET, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Immunotherapy

References

  1. “World Health Organization report on Cancer?” February (2022).
  2. Connors JM and Savage KJ. “Hodgkin lymphoma”. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; (2024): chap 172.
  3. National Cancer Institute website. “Hodgkin lymphoma treatment (PDQ) - health professional version”. Updated February 12 (2025).
  4. National Cancer Institute website. “Childhood Hodgkin lymphoma treatment (PDQ) - health professional version”. Updated October 11, (2024).
  5. Galon J and Bruni D. “Tumor Immunology and Tumor Evolution: Intertwined Histories”. Immunity 52 (2020): 55-81.
  6. Taefehshokr N., et al. “Promising approaches in cancer immunotherapy”. Immunobiology 225 (2020): 151875.
  7. Singh N., et al. “Advances of treatment study on acute lymphoblastic leukemia with chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells”. Current Treatment Options in Oncology (2016): 28.
  8. Liu Y., et al. “Immunotherapy for glioblastoma: current state, challenges, and future perspectives”. Cell Molecular Immunology (2024).
  9. Gallego-Valle J., et al. “High specificity of engineered T cells with third generation CAR (CD28-4-1BB-CD3-ζ) based on biotin-bound monomeric streptavidin for potential tumor immunotherapy”. Frontiers in Immunology 15 (2024): 1448752.
  10. Zhao Y., et al. “Case report: Successful combination of CLL1 CAR-T therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a 73-year-old patient diagnosed with refractory acute myeloid leukemia”. Frontiers in Immunology 15 (2024): 1454614.
  11. Ueda N., et al. “Single-hit genome editing optimized for maturation in B cells redirects their specificity toward tumor antigens”. Scientific Report 14 (2024): 22432.
  12. Wang DR., et al. “Therapeutic targets and biomarkers of tumor immunotherapy: response versus non-response”. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 7 (2022): 331.
  13. Zhang Y and Zhang Z. “The history and advances in cancer immunotherapy: understanding the characteristics of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their therapeutic implications”. Cell Molecular Immunology 17 (2020): 807-821.
  14. Dagher OK., et al. “Advances in cáncer immunotherapies”. Cell 186 (2023): 1814-1814.e1.
  15. Wang Z and Cao YJ. “Adoptive Cell Therapy Targeting Neoantigens: A Frontier for Cancer Research”. Frontiers in Immunology 11 (2020): 176.
  16. Wei G., et al. “Emerging immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment: Implications for cancer immunotherapy”. Cancer Letter 511 (2021): 68-76.
  17. Barbari C., et al. “Immunotherapies and Combination Strategies for Immuno-Oncology”. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21 (2020): 5009.
  18. Janet M Sasso., et al. “The Evolving Landscape of Antibody-Drug Conjugates: In Depth Analysis of Recent Research Progress”. Bioconjugate Chemistry11 (2023): 1951-2000.
  19. Esfandiari A., et al. “Bispecific antibodies in oncology”. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 21 (2022): 411-412.
  20. Saxena M., et al. “Therapeutic cancer vaccines”. Nature Reviews Cancer 21 (2021): 360-378.
  21. Marshall HT and Djamgoz MBA. “Immuno-Oncology: Emerging Targets and Combination Therapies”. Frontiers in Oncology 8 (2018):
  22. Chen D and Mellman I. “Oncology meets immunology: the cancer-immunity cycle”. Immunity 39 (2013): 1-10.
  23. Pardoll DM. “The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy”. Nature Reviews Cancer 12 (2012): 252-264.
  24. Po-Chun Liu., et al. “Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4-Ig (CTLA-4-Ig) suppresses Staphylococcus aureus-induced CD80, CD86, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in human B cells”. Arthritis Research Therapy 22 (2020): 64.
  25. Luen S., et al. “The genomic landscape of breast cancer and its interaction with host immunity”. Breast 29 (2016): 241-250.
  26. Hakansson A., et al. “A folding variant of α-lactalbumin with bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae”. Molecular Microbiology 35 (2000): 589-600
  27. Pettersson J., et al. “Alpha-lactalbumin species variation, Hamlet formation, and tumor cell death”. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 345 (2006): 260-270.
  28. Svensson M., et al. “Hamlet — A Complex from Human Milk that Induces Apoptosis in Tumor Cells but Spares Healthy Cells”. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 503 (2002): 125-132.
  29. Svensson M., et al. “α-Lactalbumin unfolding is not sufficient to cause apoptosis, but is required for the conversion to HAMLET (human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells)”. Protein Science 12 (2003): 2794-2804.
  30. Storm P., et al. “A unifying mechanism for cancer cell death through ion channel activation by HAMLET”. PLoS ONE 8 (2013): e58578.
  31. Permyakov SE., et al. “Oleic acid is a key cytotoxic component of HAMLET-like complexes”. Biological Chemistry 393 (2012): 85-92.
  32. Gustafsson L., et al. “HAMLET kills tumor cells by apoptosis: Structure, cellular mechanisms, and therapy”. Journal of Nutrition 135 (2005): 1299-1303.
  33. Mossberg AK., et al. “HAMLET interacts with lipid membranes and perturbs their structure and integrity”. PLoS ONE 5 (2010): e9384.
  34. Guerrero GG., et al. “Prophylactic Effect in the Gut Microbiota After Oral Administration of HAMLET: Results of Case Control Study”. ASMI 7 (2024): 1-16.
  35. Guerrero GG., et al. “Analysis of the Pattern of Gene expression at systemic level after oral administration with HAMLET in a thyroid cancer diagnosed individual”. ASMS 9 (2025): 1-17.
  36. Fabregat A., et al. “The reactome pathway knowledgebase”. Nucleic Acids ResearchD1 (2016): D481-D487.
  37. Fabregat A., et al. “Reactome pathway analysis: a high-performance in-memory approach”. BMC Bioinformatics 18 (2017).
  38. Yu I., et al. “Writing and Reading the Tubulin Code”. Journal of Biological Chemistry 290 (2015): 17163-17172.
  39. Gao H., et al. “VentX, a novel lymphoid-enhancing factor/T-cell factor-associated transcription repressor, is a putative tumor suppressor”. Cancer Research 70 (2010): 202-211.

Citation

Citation: Gloria G Guerrero-Manriquez., et al. “A Combined Treatment of Chemotherapy and HAMLET Orally to a Patient with a Condition of Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Induced a Higher Functional UP Genes (Organelle Biogenesis, Immune System, Serotonin Hormone Signaling) than DOWN Regulated Genes (Cytokine and Signaling in Cancer, Hemostasis): A Report Case Study". Acta Scientific Medical Sciences 10.2 (2026): 69-91.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2026 Gloria G Guerrero-Manriquez., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate30%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days
Impact Factor1.403

Indexed In





Contact US