Anjum Ansari¹, Firdous Ahmad Najar², Mehjabeen Fatima³, Md Salman⁴* and Md Noman⁵

¹Assistant Professor, Department of Ilmul Jarahat (Surgery), Jamia Tibbia Deoband, Uttar Pradesh, India
²Associate professor Department of ilmul jarahat (Surgery) National Institute of Unani medicine, Bengaluru, India
³Assistant professor Department of ilmul jarahat (Surgery) National Institute of Unani medicine Bengaluru, India
⁴Assistant Professor, Department of Ilaj Bit Tadbeer, Uttaranchal Unani Medical College and Hospital, India
⁵RMO Majeedia Unani Hospital Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India

*Corresponding Author: Md Salman, Assistant Professor, Department of Ilaj Bit Tadbeer, Uttaranchal Unani Medical College and Hospital, India.

Received: June 19, 2025; Published: July 09, 2025

Abstract

India's 1.21-billion-person population faces a shortage of medical experts, particularly doctors. To address this, the National Rural Health Mission integrated the Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homoeopathy (AYUSH) system of indigenous medicine.

To explore safe and alternative clinical interventions for chronic anal fissure, a condition with significant impact on quality of life and high treatment relapse rates.

The research team performed a narrative review by reviewing unani classical text book and by searching scientific databases, including pubmed, science direct, and google scholar from their dates of inception until December 2024.

The management of fissure-in-ano is remarkably similar across various traditional systems of medicine, including Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy, with minimal differences in their approaches.

Unani medicine offers therapeutic approaches for anal fissures, but empirical evidence is limited. Mainstreaming the AYUSH system, including Unani medicine, can improve healthcare accessibility and availability, but requires policymaker support and rigorous monitoring.

equal frequency, though instances may also present in older adults and children, particularly attributed to suboptimal toileting practices.

 Keywords: Unani; Ayurvedic Medicine; Homeopathy; Siddha; Fissure in Ano

References

1. Ayantunde AA and Debrah SA. “Current concepts in anal fissures”. World Journal of Surgery 30 (2006): 2246-2260.
2. Simpson J., et al. “The use of glyceryl trinitrate (gtn) in the treatment of chronic anal fissure in children”. Medical Science Monitor 9 (2003): PI123-P126.
3. Schouten WR., et al. “Ischaemic nature of anal fissure”. British Journal of Surgery 83 (1996): 63-65.
4. Lund JN. “Nitric oxide deficiency in the internal anal sphincter of patients with chronic anal fissure”. The International Journal of Colorectal Disease 21 (2006): 673-675.
5. Lund JN and Scholefield JH. “Aetiology and treatment of anal fissure”. British Journal of Surgery 83 (1996): 1335-1344.
6. Pandey SK and Saxena V. “Parikartika and its Management in Ayurveda”. International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine3 (2018): 21-23.
7. Chandrakar Smriti., et al. “Efficacy of durvaditaila and avgahanasweda by dravya of nayogradhadigana in the management of parikartika with special reference to fissure in ano a review”. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy1 (2017): 14-17.
8. Charaka, Dridhbala. “Revised Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi”. (2006): 1241.
9. Shastri AD. “Sushruta Samhita Chikitsa Sthana 34/16, 15^th ed”. Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthana, Varanasi (2002): 187
10. Vastsya Sharma PH. “Revised Kashyapa Samhita, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Pune, Garbhini chikitsa adhyaya”. (2002): 95.
11. Vidyotini Gupt KA. “Revised Vagbhatta: Ashtanga Hridaya”. 3^rd Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi (2002): 535.
12. Charaka and Dribala. Revised Charaka Samhita Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (2006): 141.
13. Acharya YT. “Ayurveda Dipika Sanskrit commentary of Chakrapani on Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana: Chapter 3, Verse 186”. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Surbharati Prakashana (2008).
14. Shastri KN and Chaturvedi GN. “Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana: Chapter 15, Verse 59- 63”. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Bharti Academy (2007): 462.
15. Shastri KN and Chaturvedi GN. “Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on Charaka Samhita, ChikitsaSthana: Chapter 19, Verse 5”. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Bharti Academy (2007): 558.
16. Shastri KN and Chaturvedi GN. “Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on Charaka Samhita, ChikitsaSthana: Chapter 28, Verse 70-72”. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Bharti Academy (2007): 760
17. Shastri KN and Chaturvedi GN. “Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on Charaka Samhita, ChikitsaSthana: Chapter 28, Verse 211”. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Bharti Academy (2007): 812.
18. Shastri AD. “Ayurveda Tattva Sandipika Hindi commentary on Sushruta Samhita Uttara Tantra: Chapter 55 Verse 8”. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan (2008): 405.
19. Shastri KN and Chaturvedi GN. “Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on Charaka Samhita, ChikitsaSthana: Chapter 14, Verse 17”. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Bharti Academy (2007): 422.
20. Shastri AD. “Ayurveda Tattva Sandipika Hindi commentary on Sushruta Samhita NidanaSthana: Chapter 2 verse 9”. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan (2009): 307.
21. Shastri KN and Chaturvedi GN. “Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on Charaka Samhita, Siddhi Sthana: Chapter 6, Verse 61-67”. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Bharti Academy (2007): 1028.
22. Shastri AD. “Ayurveda Tattva Sandipika Hindi commentary on Sushruta Samhita ChikitsaSthana: Chapter 34 verse 16”. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan (2009): 187.
23. Shastri KN and Chaturvedi GN. “Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on Charaka Samhita, Siddhi Sthana: Chapter 12, Verse 30”. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Bharti Academy (2007): 1108.
24. Sharma A and Kumar A. “A comprehensive review of Guda parikartika (Fissure in ano ) in Ayurveda”. International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine3 (2018): 21-23.
25. Shastri KN and Chaturvedi GN. “Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on Charaka Samhita, ChikitsaSthana: Chapter 14, Verse 77”. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Bharti Academy (2007): 430.
26. Djordjije Saranovic., et al. “Endoanal ultrasound evaluation of anorectal diseases and disorders: Technique, indications, results and limitations”. European Journal of Radiology3 (2007): 480-489.
27. Ifeanyi OE. “A review on pregnancy and haematology”. International Journal of Current Research in Biology and Medicine5 (2018): 26-82.
28. Siddha-Basic Concepts and Principles- TKDL.
29. Swaroopa Giridhar Patil. “Role of homoeopathy in the management of anal fissure”. International Journal of Homoeopathic Sciences4 (2022): 175-178.
30. Razi AMBZ. “Al-Ḥawi fi al-ṭib”. New Delhi: CCRUM; 13 (2004): 13-14.
31. Ibn Sina SR. “Al Qanoon fil Tib (Urdu translation by Knatoori GH)”. New Delhi: Idara Kitabul Shifa; YNM 86-87.
32. Baghdadi AAHAB. “Kitab-al-Mukhtraat-fi-al-tib[CCRUM trans]”. New Delhi: CCRUM (2007): 73-75.
33. Arzani HA. “Tibe Akbar (Hussain M, Urdu Trans)”. Deoband: Faisal Publication; YNM; 513-514.
34. MajusiAhwazi A. “Fi elaj al-bavasirva al-shiqaq”. In: EhyaTebTabiee Institute, ed. Kamel-al-Sanaat al-Tibbiah (The Perfect Art of Medicine). Qom, Iran: Jalaladdin 4 (2008): 88-92.
35. Ibn Kuf. Kitab UlUmda Fil Jarahat. (Urdu Translationby CCRUM). New Delhi: CCRUM; YNM 2 252-255.
36. Jorjani SI. “Shiqaqmaq’ad. Zakhirah-iKhvarazm’Shahi”. Qom, Iran: EhyaTebTabiee institute 2 (2012): 716-718.
37. Samarghandi N. “fi shiqaq al-maq’adah”. In: Kermani N, ed. Sharhe-asbab-o-Alaamaat. Qom, Iran: Jalaladdin 2 (2008): 117.
38. Khan A. “Akseere Azam (Alakseer, translated by kabeeruddin H)”. New Delhi: IdaraKitabulShifa (2011): 679-680.

Citation

Citation: Anjum Ansari., et al. “Management of Fissure-In-Ano in Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, and Ayurvedic System of Medicine: A Comparative Study an Evidence Based Review”.Acta Scientific Medical Sciences 9.8 (2025): 11-21.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2025 Anjum Ansari., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.