Mazhar Mushtaq*

Basic Medical Sciences Department, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Saudi Arabia

*Corresponding Author: Mazhar Mushtaq, Basic Medical Sciences Department, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Saudi Arabia.

Received: October 10, 2024; Published: October 25, 2024

Abstract

Background: Cytokines are key signalling molecules that mechanically influence immune responses and tumour dynamics. The tumour microenvironment is pivotal in immune suppression and cancer progression.

Objective: We aim to explore the interplay between oxidative and anti-oxidative markers modulating the cytokines and eventually become the cause of breast cancer.

Materials and Methods: Two groups of clinically diagnosed 288 breast cancer women in stage II or III were included. The control group had 100 disease-free individuals. Along with cytokines, other variable measures were Malondialdehyde, 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and Glutathione using a standard ELISA kit. The raw data were analyzed with standard SPSS software.

Results: The levels of cytokines, IL-6, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor, and transforming growth factor-β expressions in the BC patients were increased compared to the control group. Oxidative and anti-oxidative stress markers in BC patient’ vs control were Malondialdehyde, (0.96 ± 0.05 nmol/mL vs 4.35 ± 1.15nmol/mL), 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, (1.03 ± 0.09ng/mL vs 6.59 ± 1.44ng/mL), and Glutathione peroxidase (9.77 ± 1.16𝜇g/dL vs 5.88 ± 1.29𝜇g/dL). The p-value of this analysis was significant. IL-6 showed a strong association with MDA, 8-OHdG, and GSH in the Pearson correlation test.

Conclusion: Irrespective of the cause of breast cancer, the involvement of the cytokines is inevitable. Henceforth, an extensive study of cytokines associated with breast cancer holds promise for improving therapeutic interventions. Eventually, this will foster the development of more effective and personalized breast cancer treatments.

 Keywords: Breast Cancer; Growth Factors; Cytokines; Tumor Necrosis Factors; Oxidants; Antioxidants

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Citation

Citation: Mazhar Mushtaq. “Esoteric of Tumor Microenvironment: An Association of Cytokines and the Breast Cancer. A Perspective from Pakistan’s Population”.Acta Scientific Medical Sciences 8.11 (2024): 141-147.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2024 Mazhar Mushtaq. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.