Mohammad Safar AL-Shahrani^1,2*, Saleh M Al-maaqar^1,3*, Saleh A Kabli¹, Saad B Al-Masaudi², Abdullah Al Balushi³, Amirah Omar AL-Zahrani¹ and Ahmed Bahhieldin²*

¹Department of Medical Laboratories - TB Section, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
²Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
³Regional Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

*Corresponding Author: Mohammad Safar AL-Shahrani, Saleh M Al-maaqar, Ahmed Bahhieldin, Department of Medical Laboratories - TB Section, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah and Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.

Received: August 12, 2024; Published: September 06, 2024

Abstract

Human or animal tuberculosis is caused by a group of nine closely related species of mycobacteria known together as the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). One of these nine members, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for the vast majority of cases of tuberculosis in humans. Although there is a limited range of species within MTBCs, distinct biological and phenotypic variations exist among the various MTBC lineages. Variable-pathogenicity MTBC species presumably evolved due to insertion/deletion processes operating on a common ancestor. MTBC persistence involves a complex web of interactions between determinants on both the host and the bacterial sides. Granuloma development by MTBC has not been conclusively linked to either host defense or survival. MTBC species not only have the ability to control the host immune response but have also evolved several methods to evade immune system attacks. ;However, current methods for diagnosing human tuberculosis have some limitations. Several studies have hinted at the potential use of host biomarkers for early TB detection, illness differentiation and monitoring treatment efficacy. Epidemiological, microbial and molecular approaches may shed light on the tangled web of interactions between MTBC species and humans. This review will not only provide new information and insights on the epidemiological, microbial and molecular approaches to the MTBC but will also facilitate these approaches in a significant and worthwhile manner.

 Keywords: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex (MTBC); Tuberculosis; Epidemiology; Microbial; Molecular; Pathogenesis

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Citation

Citation: Mohammad Safar AL-Shahrani., et al. “Exploring the Epidemiological, Microbial and Molecular Approaches for Improved Diagnosis and Understanding of Human Tuberculosis”.Acta Scientific Medical Sciences 8.10 (2024): 10-21.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2024 Saleh M Al-maaqar., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.