Massamba BA^1,2*, Assane Sall¹, Rokhaya Djajhete¹, Dalahata BA¹ and Mamadou Coume^1,2

¹Geriatrics Department, Fann/Dakar University Hospital (Senegal)
²Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontostomatology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal

*Corresponding Author: Massamba BA, Geriatrics Department, Fann National University Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.

Received: October 23, 2023; Published: November 28, 2023

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the characteristics of patients who died and the factors associated with death.

Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study over a period of 17 months on a population of people aged 60 years and over hospitalised in geriatric short stay at FANN Hospital.

Results: During the study period, out of 242 hospitalised patients, 33 died, a prevalence rate of 13.6%. This prevalence was higher in older patients, with 21.1% between 90 and 94 years of age and 27.3% in patients aged 95 and over.

The average age of these patients was 78 +/- 7 years, and 75% were over 84 years of age. There was a slight female predominance (51.5%, sex ratio 0.94). The main mode of admission was referral from other services outside the hospital (61%). Fifty-five percent of patients were polypathological and 39% had multiple medications.
General signs were the most frequent manifestation (60%), dominated by deterioration in general condition (73%), dehydration (39%), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (30%) and acute neurological deficit (24%). Geriatric syndromes were mainly loss of autonomy (70%), malnutrition (67%), frailty (42%) and immobilisation syndrome (21%).

Cardiovascular diseases (34%), infectious diseases (26%) and neurological diseases (13%) were more frequent. Several factors related to the mode of admission, clinical manifestations (particularly cardiovascular) and geriatric syndromes were found to be significantly associated with death.

Conclusion: In addition to highlighting the factors associated with death, our study shows that a real epidemiological transition is taking place in our regions, with the emergence of chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases, which are responsible for a high mortality rate. Infectious diseases are still a major concern, despite a decline.

 Keywords : Elderly; Dakar; Factors Associated with Death; Mortality

References

1. Ibrahim E., et al. “Compassionate Care Delivery: Elderlies' Perception”. Research in Psychology and Behavioral Sciences 1 (2021): 24-32.
2. Fahmy M., et al. “Coping Strategies Among Elderly Women Suffering From Knee Osteoarthritis Pain At Beni-Suef City”. Nile Journal for Geriatric and Gerontology1 (2023): 148-166.
3. Hassan H., et al. “Coping Strategies among Elderly Women with Knee Osteoarthritis Pain at Beni-Suef City: Impact of Socio-demographic Characteristics”. Journal of Orthopaedic Science and Research1 (2023): 1-14.
4. Hassan H., et al. “Impact of Elderly Women's Knee Osteoarthritis Pain on Daily Living Activity at Northern Upper Egypt”. Journal of Orthopaedic Science and Research1 (2023): 1-10.
5. Hassan H., et al. “Daily Living Activity among Elderly Women with Knee Osteoarthritis Pain: Impact of Socio-demographic Characteristics”. World Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities1 (2023): 24-33.
6. Fahmy M., et al. “Knee Osteoarthritis Pain: Coping Strategies among Elderly Women”. American Journal of Public Health Research3 (2023): 99-106.
7. Hassan H., et al. “Effect of Elderly Women's Socio-demographic Characteristics on Knee Osteoarthritis Pain”. American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine2 (2023): 39-46.
8. Alsherbieny E., et al. “Knee Osteoarthritis among Elderly Women”. American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine2 (2023): 47-54.
9. Ghanim S., et al. “Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice for Reducing Falls among Older Adult Women”. Nile Journal for Geriatric and Gerontology1 (2024): 104-126.
10. Ramadan E., et al. “Effect of an Educational Package on Knowledge, Practices, and Attitude of Premenopausal Women Regarding Sexuality.” American Journal of Nursing Research5 (2020): 495-505.
11. Dramé M., et al. “Factors predictive of long-term mortality in patients aged 75 years or older hospitalized from the emergency department: the SAFES cohort”. Press Medicine 38 (2009): 1068-1075.
12. Hassan H., et al. “Compassionate Care Delivery for Elderly Patients: Nurses' Perception”. American Journal of Applied Psychology 1 (2021): 22-35.
13. Hassan H., et al. “Viral Hepatitis B&C in Hemodialysis Units: Preventive Practices toward Machine, Equipment, Environment and Waste Management”. Psychology and Mental Health Care6 (2021): 1-9.
14. Mohamed M., et al. “Hemodialysis Nursing Staffs' General Knowledge”. Psychology and Mental Health Care5 (2023): 1-8.
15. Hassan H., et al. “Hemodialysis Nursing Staffs' Knowledge Regarding Practices toward Viral Hepatitis B and C in Dialysis Unit”. American Journal of Nursing Research3 (2023): 110-117.
16. Saleh A., et al. “Nurses' Knowledge regarding Preventive Measures for Viral Hepatitis B&C in Dialysis Unit”. American Journal of Epidemiology and Infectious Disease1 (2023): 18-24.
17. Mohamed A., et al. “Viral Hepatitis B&C in Elderly Hemodialysis Unit: Nurses' Related Preventive Practices”. World Journal of Preventive Medicine1 (2023): 10-15.
18. Hassan H., et al. “Beni-Suef Elderly Hemodialysis Units: Nurses' knowledge and Preventive Measures Practices”. American Journal of Public Health Research4 (2023): 67-73.
19. Bouchon JP. “1+2+3 ou comment tenter d'être efficace en gériatrie?” Rev Prat 34 (1984): 888-892.
20. Géraldine Duthé G., et al. “Situation sanitaire et parcours de soins des personnes âgées en milieu rural africain. Une étude à partir des données du suivi de population de Mlomp (Sénégal)”. Scien. Soc. Sud 1.53 (2021): 167 -187.
21. Evaluation Multidimensionnelle du sujet âgé de 65 ans et plus en service de médecine interne du CHU du point G. African Digital Health Library (2019).
22. M Ba., et al. “Progress report on the short stay geriatric unit in the NUH of Fann (Dakar, Senegal) after more than one year of operation”. NPG Neurologie - Psychiatrie - Geriatrie134 (2023): 74-84.
23. Ahmed M., et al. “Knowledge and Practice of Nurses toward Preventive Measures of Elderly Patients with Viral Hepatitis B and C in the Dialysis Unit”. Nile Journal for Geriatric and Gerontology1 (2024): 70-92.
24. Hassan H., et al. “Control Poly-Pharmacy: Elderly Patients’ Practices”. American Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 2 (2024): 56-62.
25. Aboudonya M., et al. “Knowledge And Practices Used By Old Age Patients To Control Polypharmacy”. Nile Journal for Geriatric and Gerontology1 (2022): 80-91.
26. Hassan H., et al. “Poly- Pharmacy among Elderly Patients: Perception and Practices”. Journal of Nursing and Community Medicine1 (2021): 1-6.
27. Mohamed S., et al. “Effect of Deep Breathing and Kegel Exercises on Stress Urinary Incontinence among Elderly Women”. Benha Journal of Applied Sciences1 (2021).
28. Rousseau F. “Facteurs prédictifs de mortalité dans un service de court séjour gériatrique”. Médecine humaine et pathologie. HAL Portal Dumas (2018).
29. Agence nationale de la statistique et de la démographie (Sénégal). Indicateurs socio-démographiques (2021).
30. Frédéric Fleury-Payeur and Ana Cristina Azeredo. “La mortalité et l’espérance de vie au Québec en 2021”. Bulletin sociodémographique2 (2022): 1-12.
31. Delarche C. “Mortalité et conditions de fin de vie en Unité de Soins de Longue Durée”. Étude rétrospective sur trois ans. HAL Portal Dumas (2013). dumas-00957902f.
32. Rechercher | ministère de la santé et de l’action sociale (page consultée le 26/09/2022).
33. I Diouf and A Bousso. “Gestion de la pandémie Covid 19 au Sénégal”. Médecine de Catastrophe, Urgences Collectives 4.3 (2020): 217-222.
34. Coumé M., et al. “Gériatrie et gérontologie au Sénégal. Personnes âgées sur les cinq continents”. Soins Gérontol 100 (2020): 34-37.
35. Ministère de l’économie des finances et du plan, Agence nationale de la statistique et de la démographie. Situation économique et sociale du Sénégal ; état et structure de la population; Ed 2017-2018.
36. Lafuente-Lafuente C. Confusion mentale in Belmin J, Chassagne P, Friocourt P, editors. Gériatrie pour le praticien 3e édition Issy-les-Moulineaux Elsevier Masson 15 (2019): 133-139.
37. Andro M., et al. “Syndrome confusionnel, syndrome gériatrique evitable”. Traité Med Akos3 (2023): 1-5.
38. Zannou DM., et al. “Morbidité et mortalité en hospitalisation de médecine interne au Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire Hubert K. Maga de Cotonou, 2002-2003”. Med Af. Noire 5612 (2009): 609-614.
39. Niamba L., et al. “Le double fardeau épidémiologique chez les personnes âgées en milieu rural africain: tendances de mortalité et causes de décès à Nouna (Burkina Faso)”. Afr Pop Studies1 (2016): 2122-2134
40. Duboz P., et al. “Vieillissement et pathologies chroniques au Sénégal. Comparaison entre des populations vivant en milieu rural (Ferlo) et urbain (Dakar)”. Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique 108 (2015): 25-31.
41. Leclerc A., et al. “Morbidité, Mortalité et classe sociale. Revue bibliographique portant sur divers aspects de la pathologie, et discussion”. Revue d'épidémiologie et de santé publique 4 (1979): 331-358.
42. Harboun M. “Epidemiology of comorbidity in the elderly subject”. NPG Neurologie - Psychiatrie - Gériatrie 7.37 (2007): 11-13.
43. Barberger Gateau P., et al. “Facteurs liés à la durée d’hospitalisation des personnes âgées en court séjour”. Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 35 (1997): 463-473.
44. M Fourati., et al. “Les facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires chez le sujet âgé, Analyse de 150 cas. Service d’Endocrinologie CHU Hédi Chaker 3029 Sfax. J.I. M. Sfax 1.5/6 (2023): 29-34.
45. Hammami S., et al. “Les Infections du Sujet âgé”. Revue Tun Infectiol3 (2007): 1-8.
46. Saito Y., et al. “Prevalence of multimorbidity and its associations with hospitalisation or death in Japan 2014-2019: a retrospective cohort study using nationwide medical claims data in the middle-aged generation”. BMJ Open5 (2023): e063216.
47. Rozzini R., et al. “Relationship between functional loss before hospital admission and mortality in elderly persons with medical illness”. Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences 9 (2000): 1180-1183.
48. McMurray JJV., et al. “ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC”. European Heart Journal 33 (2012): 1787-1847.

Citation

Citation: Massamba BA., et al. “Study of the Prevalence and Factors Associated with the Deaths of Elderly People Hospitalised at the Fann Geriatric Unit Dakar (Senegal)”.Acta Scientific Medical Sciences 7.12 (2023): 83-94.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2023 Massamba BA., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.