Airhomwanbor KO¹, Iyevhobu KO²*, Omolumen LE¹, Idehen CI³, Akhere PI⁴, Asibor E³, Akomolafe BK⁵, Ikyaagba RO⁶ and Imagbosoria S¹

¹Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria
²Department of Public Health, National Open University of Nigeria, Uromi Community Study Centre, Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria
³Department of Histopathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria
⁴Department of Obstretrics and Gynaecology, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria
⁵Faculty of Basic Medical and Applied Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, and Oyo State Primary Health care Board, Nigeria
⁶Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, Scotland, United Kingdom

*Corresponding Author: Iyevhobu KO, Department of Public Health, National Open University of Nigeria, Uromi Community Study Centre, Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria.

Received: June 19, 2023; Published: July 25, 2023

Abstract

Tuberculosis is one of the first most common causes of deaths in the world alongside HIV/AIDS, causing more than 9.6 million new cases and 1.5 million deaths globally in 2014 alone. This infection also accompanied by lipid profile alterations. The lipid alteration related to the disease is not yet well determined and has variation in different studies. The present study was conducted with the objective to find out lipid profile in newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients. This study aimed at evaluating the lipid profiles in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. A total of eighty (80) subjects were recruited for this study which consists of forty (40) patients with pulmonary tuberculosis out of which twenty (20) were new cases, ten (10) two months patients with pulmonary tuberculosis therapy and ten (10) six months patients with pulmonary tuberculosis therapy and forty (40) apparently healthy individuals which served as control. Collected bloods were tested using Mindray chemistry analyzer lipid profiles. The mean serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein were significantly lower than their respective control groups (p = 0.001). Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients in this study had lipid profile abnormalities. Total Cholesterol, HDL, LDL and TG concentrations were significantly reduced as compared with control groups. The factors associated with Lipid profiles also due attention to prevent further complication. This study concludes that parameters of lipid profile were deranged in our tuberculous cases. To achieve maximum response of TB treatment we must consider normalizing lipid profile along with standard treatment for better recovery.

 Keywords: Pulmonary; Tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Total Cholesterol; HDL; LDL and TG

References

1. Gemma H and David RT. “Vitamin D and Tuberculosis”. JPMI 3 (2011): 185-187.
2. Lawson L. “Pilot study on multidrug resistant tuberculosis in Nigeria”. Annals of African Medicine, 3 (2010): 184-187.
3. World Health Organization. “The sixteenth global report on tuberculosis” (2011).
4. Ochei J and Kolhatkar A. “Lipids and Lipoprotein”. In: Medical Laboratory Science: Theory and Practice, McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi (2000): 311-347.
5. Sidhu D and Naugler C. “Fasting Time and Lipid Levels in a Community-Based Population: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Archives of Internal Medicine 172 (2012): 1707-1710.
6. Chien JY., et al. “Low serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is a poor prognostic factor for severe sepsis”. Critical Care Medicine8 (2005): 1688-1693.
7. Jury EC., et al. “Lipid rafts in T cell signalling and disease”. Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology5 (2007): 608-615.
8. van Meer G., et al. “Membrane lipids: where they are and how they behave”. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology2 (2008): 112-124.
9. Song JX., et al. “Primary and secondary hypocholesterolemia”. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao5 (2010): 612-615.
10. Andersen LB and Haraldsdóttir J. “Coronary heart disease risk factors, physical activity and fitness in young Danes”. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 27 (1995): 158-163.
11. De Backer D. “Lactic acidosis”. Intensive Care Medicine 5 (2003): 699-702.
12. Osagie JI and Egbefo DO. “Impact of Colonial Rule on Inter-group Relations Between the Benin and the Esan Peoples of Nigeria” (2016).
13. National Population Commission. “National Population Commission. Report on the 2006 Census Result”. Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette, Abuja (2010): B24.
14. Nigerian Urban Reproductive Health Initiative (NURHI). A chance for choice. Baltimore: NURHI; (2013).
15. Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH). Nigeria Master Plan for Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) (2012): 2013-2017.
16. Edo State Government. “Edo State Ministry of Health 2010-2020 Strategic Plan”. Benin City: SMOH. (2010): 1-58.
17. Richmond W. “Preparation and Properties of a Cholesterol Oxidase from Nocardia sp. and Its Application to the Enzy-matic Assay of Total Cholesterol in Serum”. Clinical Chemistry 19 (1973): 1350-1356.
18. Trinder P. “Enzymatic determination of glucose in blood serum”. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 6 (1969): 24.
19. Lopes-Virella MF., et al. “Cholesterol Determination in High Density Lipoproteins Separated by Three Different Methods”. Clinical Chemistry 23 (1977): 882.
20. Friedewald WT., et al. “Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge”. Clinical Chemistry 18 (1972): 499-502.
21. Burtis CA and Ashwood ER. “Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry”. 3^rd Edition, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia (1999): 29-150.
22. Vasconcellos SEG., et al. “Distinct genotypic profiles of the two major clades of Mycobacterium africanum”. BMC Infectious Diseases 1 (2010): 80.
23. Schmidt CW. “Linking TB and the environment: an overlooked mitigation strategy”. Environmental Health Perspectives11 (2008): A478.
24. Mohamed MM and Hesham AR. “Lipid profile in Tuberculosis Patients: A preliminary Report”. Life Science Journal 1 (2012): 719-722.
25. Devlin TM. “Biological membranes: structure and membrane transport”. In: Textbook of biochemistry with clinical correlation. New York, NY: John Wiley and sons (1992): 226-236.
26. Gatfield J and Pieters J. “Essential role for cholesterol in entry of mycobacteria into macrophages”. Science 288 (2000): 1647-1650.
27. Volpato S., et al. “Acute phase markers are associated with reduced plasma lipid concentrations in a population of hospitalized elderly patients”. Gerontology 46 (2000): 22-27.
28. Akiibinu MO., et al. “Non-enzymatic Antioxidant and Nutritional profile in Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Nigeria”. African Journal of Biomedical Research 10 (2007): 223-228.
29. Maurine DM., et al. “Role of cholesterol in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis”. Infection 47 (2009): 407-411.
30. Muhammad SM., et al. “Evaluation of Lipid Profile in Newly Diagnosed Tuberculous Patients”. Pakistan Journal of Chest Medicine 4 (2020): 181-186.
31. Deniz O., et al. “Serum total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C concentrations significantly correlate with the radiological extent of disease and the degree of smear positivity in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis”. Clinical Biochemistry 40 (2007): 162-166.
32. Taparia P., et al. “Study of lipid profile in pulmonary tuberculosis patients and relapse cases in relation with disease severity - A pilot study”. International Journal of Science and Applied Research 1 (2015): 41-50.
33. Samuel OO., et al. “Oxidative stress and lipid profile status in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in South Western Nigeria”. Greener Journal of Medical Sciences 6 (2013): 228-232.
34. Perez-Guzman C., et al. “A cholesterol-rich diet accelerates bacteriologic sterilization in pulmonary tuberculosis”. Chest 127 (2005): 643-651.
35. Mukisa J., et al. “Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hypocholesterolemia among Adults with Bacteriologically Confirmed Pulmonary TB in Kampala”. British Medical Journal of Global Health 1 (2017): 157-158.
36. Deniz O., et al. “Serum HDL-C levels, log (TG/HDL-C) values and serum total cholesterol/HDL-C ratios significantly correlate with radiological extent of disease in patients with community-acquired pneumonia”. Clinical Biochemistry 39 (2006): 287-292.
37. Rao S. “Serum cholesterol, HDL, LDL levels in pulmonary tuberculosis: A clinico-radiological correlation and implications”. Infectious Disease and Clinical Practice2 (2009): 99-101.

Citation

Citation: Airhomwanbor KO., et al. “Assessment of Lipid Profile on Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis”.Acta Scientific Medical Sciences 7.8 (2023): 198-207.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2023 Airhomwanbor KO., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.