Alexandra Cristina Silva¹, Renata Vieira Chaves Gabriel¹, Daniela Ribeiro Roldão¹, Isabela Gonçalves da Silva¹, Ana Flávia Ribeiro da Silva² and Sérgio Eustáquio Lemos da Silva¹*

¹Triângulo University Center, UNITRI, Brazil
²President Antônio Carlos University, UNIPAC, Brazil

*Corresponding Author: Sérgio Eustáquio Lemos da Silva, Triângulo University Center, UNITRI, Brazil.

Received: May 25, 2023; Published: June 12, 2023

Abstract

Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME) is an infectious disease of dogs, responsible for hematological disorders, whose clinical picture is characterized by hemorrhages, immunosuppression and pancytopenia. Knowledge of the hematological profile of dogs infected with Ehrlichia canis is an essential tool for conducting diagnosis, prognosis and health monitoring, as well as the adoption of therapeutic practices. This article sought to analyze, based on a bibliographical research, the main hematological alterations observed in dogs infected by Ehrlichia canis, with the aim of indicating the contribution of these findings of clinical pathology to the direction of the prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of the animal. The results showed that anemia and thrombocytopenia are among the most prevalent and specific hematological changes in CME, being constantly observed in the acute and chronic phases of the disease. The high prevalence of anemic, thrombocytopenic and pancytopenic dogs contributes as an indicator of infection by Ehrlichia canis, however, it does not exclude the need to research the microorganism in the occurrence of these hematological alterations. Hematological parameters are pertinent to analyze, especially the clinical profile and general condition of the animal, also contributing to a reliable clinical diagnosis, prediction of prognosis and the adoption of appropriate clinical therapeutic approaches in sick animals. Thrombocytopenic and pancytopenic factors contribute as an indicator of infection by Ehrlichia canis, however, it does not exclude the need to research the microorganism in the occurrence of these hematological alterations. Hematological parameters are pertinent to analyze, especially the clinical profile and general condition of the animal, also contributing to a reliable clinical diagnosis, prediction of prognosis and the adoption of appropriate clinical therapeutic approaches in sick animals. Thrombocytopenic and pancytopenic factors contribute as an indicator of infection by Ehrlichia canis, however, it does not exclude the need to research the microorganism in the occurrence of these hematological alterations. Hematological parameters are pertinent to analyze, especially the clinical profile and general condition of the animal, also contributing to a reliable clinical diagnosis, prediction of prognosis and the adoption of appropriate clinical therapeutic approaches in sick animals.

 Keywords: Ehrlichiosis; Anemia; Thrombocytopenia; Hematology

References

1. Borges CEF. “Clinical-laboratory aspects and study of criteria used for diagnosis in dogs with suspected ehrlichiosis and/or canine anaplasmosis”. Master's Dissertation in Veterinary Sciences, Uberaba, (2019).
2. Bulla C., et al. “The relationship between degree of thrombocytopenia and infection with Ehrlichia canis in an endemic area”. Veterinary Research 35 (2004): 1441-146.
3. Carlos RSA., et al. “Risk factors and clinical alterations of canine ehrhlichiosis in southern Bahia, Brazil”. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 3 (2011).
4. Gevehr AC., et al. “Variation of hematological parameters in stray dogs from the city of Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil”. Annals of the 15^th Interinstitutional Cultural Scientific Meeting and 1^st International Meeting (2017).
5. González FHD and SANTOS AP. “Symposium of Veterinary Clinical Pathology of the Southern Region of Brazil”. Annals of the 2^nd Symposium on Veterinary Clinical Pathology of the Southern Region of Brazil (2005).

      6.   GUEDES PEB., et al. “Canine Ehrlichiosis: Prevalence and Epidemiology in northeast Brazil”. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 24.2 (2015).

7. Holanda LC., et al. “Hematological findings in blood and bone marrow of dogs naturally infected with Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp”. Brazilian Animal Science (2019).
8. Maggi RG and Krämer F. “A review on the occurrence of companion vectorborne diseases in pet animals in Latin America”. Parasites and Vectors1 (2019).
9. Manoel CSM. “Clinical, hematological and serological changes in dogs infected with Ehrlichia canis”. Masters dissertation; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (2010).
10. Mota NM., et al. “Retrospective study of cases of canine ehrlichiosis seen at the ICESP university center in Brasília - Centro Universitário ICESP, Brasília, Brazil”. Science and Animal Health Magazine1 (2019).
11. NASCIMENTO AB., et al. “Laboratory findings in a bitch with ehrlichiosis”. PUBVET4 (2021).
12. Queiroz SE. “General Hematological Changes in Dogs Diagnosed with Ehrlichia canis by PCR or Serology”. Dissertation presented to the Strictu Sensu Graduate Program at the University of Santo Amaro UNISSA, São Paulo, Brazil (2019).
13. Peixoto CS. “Ocular and hematological alterations in dogs affected by Ehrlichia canis and coinfections”. Master's Dissertation in Animal Sciences, University of Brasília (2019).
14. Sainz A., et al. “Guideline for veterinary practitioners on canine ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in Europe”. Parasite and Vectors75 (2015).
15. Santos MA., et al. “Retrospective study of hematological changes in cases of ehrlichiosis in dogs treated in the Federal District”. UNICEPLAC Scientific Journal of Veterinary Medicine1 (2019).
16. Silva NC. “Evaluation of the clinical, laboratorial and molecular profile of dogs suspected of Ehrlichiosis and treated with doxycycline”. Dissertation presented to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais (2012).
17. “IPM Canine Ehrlichiosis”. Scientific Journal of Veterinary Medicine 24 (2015).
18. Silveira JAG., et al. “The first clinical and laboratory evidence of coinfection by Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia canis in a Brazilian dog”. Ticks and Tick-born Diseases, (2015).
19. Souza EJN., et al. “Co-infection of anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis”. PUBVET, (2021).
20. Stella AE., et al. “Epidemiological and hematological aspects of dogs infected with Ehrlichia sp and Anaplasma SP in Jataí-GO, Brazil”. Veterinária e Zootecnia (2021).
21. Stival C., et al. “Canine monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Student of Veterinary Medicine at the University Center of Goiânia”. Goiania – GO, Brazil. PUBVET, (2021).
22. Taques IIGG., et al. “Geographic Distribution of Ehrlichia canis TRP Genotypes in Brazil”. Veterinary Sciences 7 (2020).
23. Tilley PL and Smith FKW. “Five-minute Veterinary consult: canine and feline”. John Wiley and Sons, (2015).

Citation

Citation: Sérgio Eustáquio Lemos da Silva., et al. “Hematological Changes in Dogs Infected with Ehrlichia canis as a Diagnostic Contribution in the Clinical Routine”.Acta Scientific Medical Sciences 7.7 (2023): 40-44.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2023 Sérgio Eustáquio Lemos da Silva., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.