Therapeutic Approach to Depression and Cardiovascular Diseases in a Hospital Setting at the Mustapha University Hospital Center of Algiers in Algeria

Issack Biyong^2,3*, Leila Akhrouf^1,2, Lidawouwè Ahloma^4,5 and Guido Bondolfi^6,7

¹Department of Psychiatry, Liaison Psychiatry Unit, Mustapha University Hospital of Algiers, Mustapha University Hospital Center the Most Important in the City, Algeria
²Institute of Psychotraumatology and Mediation (IPM-International), Neuchâtel, Switzerland
³Psy-Scan Institute (PSI), Neuchâtel, Switzerland
⁴Centre Psychothérapique de l'Orne, site de l'Aigle, France
⁵Department of Psychiatry of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
⁶Liaison Psychiatry Service, Cantonal University Hospital of Geneva (HCUG), Geneva, Switzerland
⁷Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland

*Corresponding Author: Issack Biyong, Institute of Psychotraumatology and Mediation (IPM-International), Neuchâtel, Switzerland.

Received: November 30, 2022; Published: December 29, 2022

Abstract

Introduction: Ischemic heart disease and depression are inseparable conditions, with increasing incidence and prevalence with the aging of the population. When combined, they reduce quality of life, and require long-term care and exorbitant cost for care.

Activation of stress pathways has often been indexed as a neurochemical mechanism that links depression and ischemic heart disease. Anxiety resulting from cardiac involvement, the complexity of treatment and repeated hospitalizations facilitate the onset of depressive syndrome. Untreated depression can be a risk factor for heart disease over time.

Early detection and treatment of depression is recommended in patients with ischemic heart disease.

Methods: We conducted a case study reported in a cardiology department of the University Hospital of Algiers, as part of the consultations of the liaison psychiatry. We included patients regardless of age, sex, origin, hospitalized for cardiovascular pathologies. The parameters studied were sociodemographic data: age, sex, marital status, cardiovascular risk factors as well as clinical signs, diagnosis of hospitalization and the existence of anxiety and/or depression. Our comprehensive psychiatric assessments with psychiatric history, mental examination with structured interviews according to DSM-5 and also the passing of questionnaires: Beck Depression Inventory-(IDB-13) "PHQ-9: Patient Heath Questionnaire" to inpatients in the cardiology department as mentioned above.

Results: Of the two selected cases followed for cardiovascular pathologies mainly coronary syndrome on the one hand and myocardial infarction on the other hand in the cardiology department of the University Hospital of Algiers. We have seen that depression would explain this cardiovascular event although this subject, young woman of 25 years mentioned in case N ° 1 and without cardiovascular risk factors identified on the one hand and on the other hand with all the cardiovascular risks of making a myocardial infarction despite effective revascularization. For the 2nd case of this 42-year-old man, the management was longer and complicated by a recurrent, resistant major depression. Treatment of comorbidity has made it possible to eliminate the risk of mortality through the intervention of psychiatry in conjunction with the appropriate treatment of this depression.

Conclusion: At the end of this study we can conclude that depression and cardiovascular disease are inseparable and linked to each other. The follow-up must be multidisciplinary, early detection of depression using scales such as the PHQ-9 in cardiac patients could reduce the risk of occurrence of depression but also its complications, reduce the cost and duration of hospitalization this promoting the survival and well-being of our patients. SSRIs and particularly Sertraline, Citalopram and Escitalopram are the recommended first-line pharmacological treatment for the management of depression in coronary patients. Non-pharmacological treatment involves cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy and cardiovascular rehabilitation or even repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in some severe or resistant depressions.

Keywords: Ischemic Heart Disease; Depression; Cardiovascular Diseases

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Citation

Citation: Issack Biyong., et al. “Therapeutic Approach to Depression and Cardiovascular Diseases in a Hospital Setting at the Mustapha University Hospital Center of Algiers in Algeria”.Acta Scientific Medical Sciences 7.1 (2023): 112-121.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Issack Biyong., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.