Abstract

  The daytime sleepiness problem is a common symptom of many sleep disorders, including obstructive sleep apnea. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaire was developed by Johns In 1991 as a simple, self-administered questionnaire for the assessment of daytime sleepiness. The aim of this work is to translate the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) from English to the Moroccan Arabic dialect and to study its psychometric properties to obtain a validated version according to the rules of transcultural adaptation.

The various stages of translation and cultural adaptation for the ESS were:

1. Translation of the original version of the source language to the Moroccan Arabic dialect.
2. Reviewing by a committee of professionals (health professionals, specialists, epidemiologists, sociologists...)
3. Pilot survey of 10 patients to evaluate the apparent validity.
4. Back translation of the final translated version ESSm.
5. Checking the psychometric properties of ESSm in 100 staff working at the Hassan II Hospital in Fez in 3 times (T1, T2, T3).

  For the internal reliability, the ESSm the Cronbach's alpha is significant (more than 0.60) in the 3 passing times (0.645 in T1, 0.720 in T2 and 0.685 in T3). The stability coefficients of correlation are significant. The inter-observer stability (between T1 and T2), is estimated by Pearson's correlation coefficient at 0.923 (p = 0.0001). The temporal stability (test-retest between T1 and T3) of the ESSm is estimated by the same coefficient at 0.825 (p = 0.0001).

  The use of validated transcultural adaptation techniques has enabled us to obtain the first validation in Moroccan Arabic dialect adapted to our Moroccan context and whose are so that it is considered a reliable tool both in consultations at different levels and in hospital.

Keywords: Excessive Daytime Sleepiness; Epworth Sleepiness Scale; Moroccan Arabic Dialect

References

1. MW Johns., et al. “Daytime sleepiness and sleep habits of Australian workers”. Sleep (1997): 844-949.
2. MW Johns. “Sleepiness in different situations measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale”. Sleep 17 (1994): 703-710.
3. MW Johns. “A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale”. Sleep 14 (1991): 540-545.
4. MW Johns. “Daytime sleepiness, snoring, and obstructive sleep apnea. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale”. Chest 103 (1993): 30-36.
5. M Kaminska., et al. “The Epworth Sleepiness Scale: Self-administration versus administration by the physician, and validation of a French version”. Canadian Respiratory Journal 2 (2010): 27-34.
6. E Chiner., et al. “Validation of the Spanish version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale in patients with a sleep apnea syndrome”. Archivos de Bronconeumología 9 (1999): 422-427.
7. A Naimaier Bertolazi., et al.” Portuguese-language version of the Epworth sleepiness scale: validation for use in Brazil”. Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia 9 (2009).
8. NH Chen., et al. “Validation of a Chinese version of the Epworth sleepiness scale”. Quality of Life Research 11 (2002): 817-821.
9. M Takegami., et al. “Development of a Japanese version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (JESS) based on item response theory”. Sleep Medicine5 (2008): 556-565.
10. Kornelia K Beiske., et al. “Reliability and validity of a Norwegian version of the Epworth sleepiness scale”. Sleep and Breathing1 (2009): 65-72.
11. M Riachy., et al. “Reliability and validity studies of the Arabic version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale”. ERS Annual Congress, Barcelona (2010).
12. A Alhamhami., et al. “Validity and reproducibility of Epworth sleepiness Scale ESS in Omani population”. 7^th GCC Medical Students Conference. King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, KSA (2010).
13. Cronbach LJ. “Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests”. Psychometrika 16 (1951): 297-334.
14. Manni R., et al. “Sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and simple snoring evaluated by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale”. Journal of Sleep Research 8 (1999): 319-320.

Citation

Citation: Mohammed Elbiaze. “Reliability and Validity of a Moroccan Arabic Dialect Version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale". Acta Scientific Medical Sciences 4.11 (2020): 55-59.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2020 Mohammed Elbiaze. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.