Abstract

  The author had hypothesized that the prevailing Momentary Intracellular Ion-Pattern as a whole has an essential, perhaps the primary signaling function. (See Part 1.) The concentration of intracellular H+ (pHi) is the most critical of all ions to maintain homeostasis; that is why regulation wants to preserve the permanence of pHi. Recent researches have shown that caged rodents can be well-modelizing for human hypoarousal diseases of civilization, which may correspond to Metabolic Syndrome or Depression. Repeated Social Defeat results in such psychic mechanisms that induce persistent hypoventilation among most of the observed rodent populations. Hypoventilation continued for weeks, even after stress, and presumably associated with hypercapnia. It may correspond to a larval version of the freeze response well known in the animal world, but it becomes chronic at people. The author., et al. previously presented in their papers how social or mental stress can be converted into an increased or decreased arousal by the body's closed-loop systems. Human 'low-grade hypercapnia' usually lasts for decades - to the end of life. One of the results is the Metabolic Syndrome, which often tends to the classic Type 2 Diabetes or other Related Disorders. Persistent elevation of the pCO2 level launches a compensational cascade through chemical and hormonal-humoral alterations that can lead to various forms of readjustment. The Metabolic Syndrome is a latent, stealth catabolic state of the body that develops due to slight but chronic hypercapnic acidosis. Although chronic hypercapnia is usually compensated, a moderate intracellular acidotic state persists in continuing. Metabolic Syndrome is often the result of a learned 'civilized behavior'; the Social Defeat can also develop in captive animals due to chronic or repeated stress. The point is that this type of load does not increase but decreases arousal through hypercapnic acidosis, which can also cause Depression. Slight cytosolic acidosis also results in reduced metabolism, which is associated with moderately reduced anabolic and increased catabolic activity in the body with insulin resistance and reduced ATP producing capacity. As a consequence, the whole metabolism has become remodeled and dysregulated because of the disturbed Intracellular Ion Pattern.

Keywords: Diseases of Civilization; Low-Grade Chronic Hypercapnia; Metabolic Remodeling; Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome (a Hypothesis); Social Defeat Theory

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Citation

Citation: András Sikter. “Psychosomatic Molecular Mechanisms of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes. Part 2. Psychosomatic Mechanism of Metabolic Syndrome (a Theory)". Acta Scientific Medical Sciences 4.2 (2020): 98-107.

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Copyright: © 2020 András Sikter. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.