Acta Scientific Microbiology (ISSN: 2581-3226)

Review Article Volume 4 Issue 12

Plants Learn and Remember Through Association

Mehmet Eraslan*

Molecular Biology and Genetics, Turkey

*Corresponding Author: Mehmet Eraslan, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Turkey.

Received: November 05,2021 ; Published: November 25, 2021

Abstract

Plants were researched to discover how they learn and remember without using their brains. The concentrations of specific chemicals (K+, Ca+, etc. channels), the kind of stress encountered, and the symbiotic connection (mycorrhizal fungal networks) between them all affect learning and memory processes. Based on a study of mycorrhizal fungal networks that connect the roots of trees in forests, there is evidence of tree cognition, microbiome cooperation, and forest intelligence. The plants learnt by reacting to various stimuli in a consistent manner. Many plants can tell the difference between day and night. Plants' biological clocks are sensitive to light, which can cause the rhythm to reset. Plant learning and memory might be aided by epigenetic-related processes. The relevance of epigenetics in these processes stems from its relationship with the environment and the ability to reverse the phenotypic changes more readily it causes as compared to those caused by direct DNA sequence alterations.

Keywords: Ca+ Ions; Brain; Action Potential; Root-brain; Voltage-gated K+ Channels; Molecular Memory; Hopfield-like; Neural Network; Stress; Communication; Mycorrhizal Network; TEs Element; Epigenetic

References

  1. Okano H., et al. “From the Academy Learning and memory”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America23 (2000): 12403-12404.
  2. Ginsburg S and Jablonka E. “Epigenetic learning in non-neural organisms”. Journal of Biosciences4 (2009): 633-646.
  3. Alvarez ME., et al. “Epigenetic control of plant immunity”. Molecular Plant Pathology4 (2011): 563-576.
  4. Mancuso S and Volkmann D. “Communication in Plants” (2006).
  5. Bruce TJA., et al. “Stressful “memories” of plants: Evidence and possible mechanisms”. Plant Science6 (2007): 603-608.
  6. , et al. “Signaling and Communication in Plants Memory and Learning in Plants” (2018).
  7. Sung S and Amasino RM. “Vernalization and epigenetics: How plants remember winter”. Current Opinion in Plant Biology1 (2004): 4-10.
  8. van Loon LC. “The Intelligent Behavior of Plants”. Trends in Plant Science4 (2016): 286-294.
  9. Thellier M., et al. “Long-distance transport, storage and recall of morphogenetic information in plants. The existence of a sort of primitive plant “memory”. Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Ser III1 (2000): 81-91.
  10. Van Bel AJE., et al. “Spread the news: Systemic dissemination and local impact of Ca2+ signals along the phloem pathway”. The Journal of Experimental Botany7 (2014): 1761-1787.
  11. Rodrigo-Moreno A., et al. “Root phonotropism: Early signalling events following sound perception in Arabidopsis roots". Plant Science 264 (2017): 9-15.
  12. Baluška F., et al. “Plant synapses: Actin-based domains for cell-to-cell communication”. Trends in Plant Science3 (2005): 106-111.
  13. White PJ and Broadley MR. “Calcium in plants”. Annals of Botany 4 (2003): 487-511.
  14. Baluška F., et al. “The ‘root-brain’ hypothesis of Charles and Francis Darwin”. Plant Signaling and Behavior 12 (2009): 1121-1127.
  15. Gagliano M., et al. “Learning by Association in Plants”. Scientific Reports 6 (2016): 1-9.
  16. Trewavas A. “What is plant behaviour?” Plant, Cell and Environment 6 (2009): 606-616.
  17. Gagliano M., et al. “The Language of Plants”. Science, Philosophy, Literature (2017).
  18. Trewavas A. “Aspects of plant intelligence”. Annals of Botany 1 (2003): 1-20.
  19. Alpi A., et al. “Plant neurobiology: no brain, no gain?” Trends in Plant Science 4 (2007): 135-136.
  20. Mallatt J., et al. “Debunking a myth: plant consciousness”. Protoplasma 23 (2021): 459-476.
  21. Trewavas A. “The foundations of plant intelligence”. Interface Focus 3 (2017): 1-2.
  22. Karban R. “Plant behaviour and communication”. Ecology Letters 7 (2008): 727-739.
  23. Thellier M and Lüttge U. “Plant memory: A tentative model”. New Phytologist 1 (2013): 1-12.
  24. Demidchik V., et al. “Calcium transport across plant membranes: mechanisms and functions”. New Phytologist 1 (2018): 49-69.
  25. GÁlis I., et al. “Molecular mechanisms underlying plant memory in JA-mediated defence responses”. Plant, Cell and Environment 6 (2009): 617-627.
  26. Gagliano M., et al. “Experience teaches plants to learn faster and forget slower in environments where it matters”. Oecologia1 (2014): 63-72.
  27. Gagliano M., et al. “Comment on ’lack of evidence for associative learning in pea plants”. Elife 9 (2020): 1-2.
  28. Trewavas T. “Plant intelligence: An overview”. Bioscience7 (2016): 542-551.
  29. Biegler R. “Insufficient evidence for habituation in Mimosa pudica. Response to Gagliano et al. (2014)”. Oecologia1 (2018): 33-35.
  30. Trewavas A. “Plant intelligence”. Naturwissenschaften9 (2005): 401-413.
  31. Inoue J ichi. “A simple Hopfield-like cellular network model of plant intelligence”. Progress in Brain Research 1998 (2007): 169-174.
  32. Demongeot J., et al. “A mathematical model for storage and recall functions in plants”. Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Ser III 1 (2007): 93-97.
  33. Mchale CM., et al. “Current understanding of the mechanism of benzeneinduced leukemia in humans: Implications for risk assessment”. Carcinogenesis2 (2012): 240-252.

Citation

Citation: Mehmet Eraslan. “Plants Learn and Remember Through Association”. Acta Scientific Microbiology 4.12 (2021): 91-100.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2021 Mehmet Eraslan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate33%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days

Indexed In



News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is July 10, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"
  • Welcoming Article Submission
    Acta Scientific delightfully welcomes active researchers for submission of articles towards the upcoming issue of respective journals.

Contact US