Mohd Kafeel Ahamd Ansari^1,2*, Oksana Lastochkina³, Muhammad Iqbal⁴, Abdullah Adil Ansari¹, Tasneem Fatma², Susana Rodriguez-Couto⁵ and Gary Owens⁶

¹Cyanobacterial Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Guyana, Georgetown, South America
²Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
³Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
⁴Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
⁵Department of Separation Science, School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Mikkeli, Finland
⁶Environmental Contaminants Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Australia

*Corresponding Author: Mohd Kafeel Ahamd Ansari, Cyanobacterial Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Guyana, Georgetown, South America.

Received: October 28, 2021 ; Published: November 23, 2021

Abstract

  Laccases constitute a family of copper-containing oxidase enzymes which catalyze the oxidation of various aromatic compounds (particularly of phenolic and aromatic amines) and some inorganic ions, and simultaneously reduce oxygen to water. The laccase molecule is either a dimeric or tetrameric glycoprotein containing four copper atoms per monomer, which are distributed across three redox sites. It was discovered by Yoshida in 1883 in Rhus vernicifera (Japanese lacquer tree). Laccase molecules are of common occurrence in higher plants, some fungi, insects and bacteria. These are now considered as the industrial enzymes because of their wide substrate specificity. Besides discussing the production and activity of laccases in various organisms, this article examines their wider potential for diverse biotechnological applications (e.g. in biosensor technology, cosmetics, food improvement, wine and beer stabilization, medical diagnosis, pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, petrochemicals, paper and pulp industry) as well as their use in detoxification and bioremediation of synthetic dyes. Further, it elucidates the process of enzyme immobilization, as immobilized enzymes also have a variety of applications.

Keywords: Laccase Enzyme; Immobilized Laccase; Laccase Production; Laccase-based Oxidation; Oxidation Mechanisms; Laccase Applications

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Citation

Citation: Mohd Kafeel Ahamd Ansari., et al. “Laccase - The Wonder Enzyme for a Variety of Industries”. Acta Scientific Microbiology 4.12 (2021): 52-66.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2021 Mohd Kafeel Ahamd Ansari., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.