Carlos Flórez-Zorrilla^1,2*, Karina Mendoza-Gallo^2,3, Miguel Charco-Cruz² and Alberto De Jesús-Flores²

¹Hepatopancreatobiliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, Hospital Regional Valentín Gómez Farías-ISSSTE, México City, México

*Corresponding Author: Carlos Flórez-Zorrilla, Hepatopancreatobiliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, Hospital Regional Valentín Gómez Farías-ISSSTE, México City, México.

Received: April 24, 2023; Published: May 09, 2023

Abstract

Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the world but it´s increasing mortality led to be the second cause of cancer-related death. In 2021 we had in Mexico 41,890 deaths due to liver cirrhosis, 35.6% of them because of chronic alcoholic liver disease. and primary liver cancer represented the third cause of death in 2015. In the last 20 years liver cancer mortality increased about 50% years despite the recent advances in medical technology and new treatments available for hepatitis C-virus (HCV) and hepatocarcinoma. In our experience at three medical centers, two thirds of the patients with liver cancer were related to HCV and the mortality rate was higher in patients over 65 years and in males over 45 years.

According to Globocan 2022 report, the highest incidence in the world is in Southeast Asia and in the Americas the highest mortality is in Guatemala and El Salvador followed by Mexico and Costa Rica.

This review focuses on the geographical and ethnic distribution of liver cancer in Mexico as well as the mortality rate in the different regions of the country to identify possible risk factors affecting them and favor the development of liver cancer.

 Keywords: Liver Cancer; Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Cirrhosis; Ethnic; Geographic

References

1. European Association for the Study of the Liver. “EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma”. Journal of Hepatology1 (2018): 182-236.
2. Kulik L and El-Serag HB. “Epidemiology and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma”. Gastroenterology2 (2019): 477-491.e1.
3. Yang JD., et al. “A global view of hepatocellular carcinoma: trends, risk, prevention and management”. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology 10 (2019): 589-604.
4. INEGI Estadísticas de Defunciones Registradas (2021).
5. Aldaco-Sarvide F., et al. “Mortalidad por cáncer en México. Actualización 2015”. Gaceta Mexicana de Oncologia 17 (2018): 28-34.
6. UICC GLOBOCAN 2020: New Global Cancer Data.
7. Ranganathan S., et al. “Hepatoblastoma and Pediatric Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Update”. Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 2 (2020): 79-95.
8. Mendoza-Gallo K and Florez-Zorrilla K. “Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Children: Liver Resection and Liver Transplantation Outcomes”. The Liver Week 2021; 2021 May 13-15; Seoul, Korea. Seoul: The Korean Association for the Study of the Liver (2021): 413.
9. Mendoza-Gallo K and Florez-Zorrilla C. “Hepatoblastoma presenting with tumor thrombus extending to right atrium. Part of special issue: Abstracts of the 4^th International Advanced Liver and Pancreas Surgery Symposium (ISLS 2021): November 25-27, 2021, Busan, Korea”. International Journal of Surgery 100 (2022): 106363.
10. Charco-Cruz M., et al. “Liver resection for huge hepatocelular carcinoma. Part of special issue: Abstracts of the 4^th International Advanced Liver and Pancreas Surgery Symposium (ISLS 2021): November 25-27, 2021, Busan, Korea”. International Journal of Surgery 100 (2022): 106410.
11. Villa AHT., et al. “Liver cancer in elderly Mexican women is more frequent than breast and cervical cancer”. Annals of Hepatology 15 (2016): 619-55.
12. Rich NE., et al. “Racial and Ethnic Differences in Presentation and Outcomes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma”. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology3 (2019): 551-559.e1.
13. Sánchez-Barriga JJ. “Mortality trends and risk of dying from liver cancer in Mexico, 2000-2013”. Cir Cir2 (2021): 170-182.
14. González Huezo MS and Sánchez Ávila JF. “Mexican consensus on the diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma”. Revista de Gastroenterología de México4 (2014): 250-262.
15. Cisneros-Garza LE., et al. “Characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma in Mexico”. Revista de Gastroenterología de México (Engl Ed) 3 (2018): 223-227.
16. Cisneros-Garza LE., et al. “II Consenso Mexicano de Carcinoma Hepatocelular”. Parte I: Epidemiología y diagnóstico.
17. Erazo-Valle A., et al. “Guía mexicana de tratamiento del hepatocarcinoma avanzado”. Gaceta Mexicana de Oncologia 11 (2012): 3-14.
18. European Association for the study of the liver. “EASL Clinical practice guidelines: Management of alcohol-related liver disease”. Journal of Hepatology 69 (2018): 154-181.
19. Campollo O. “Alcohol and the Liver: The Return of the Prodigal Son”. Annals of Hepatology1 (2019): 6-10.
20. McGlynn KA., et al. “Global epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma: an emphasis on demographic and regional variability”. Clinical Liver Disease 2 (2015): 223-238.
21. Arshad T., et al. “Epidemiology of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in North America”. Current Pharmaceutical Design10 (2020): 993-997.
22. Barquera S., et al. “Obesidad en México, prevalencia y tendencias en adultos. Ensanut 2018-19 [Obesity in Mexico, prevalence and trends in adults”. Salud Pública de México6 (2020): 682-692.

Citation

Citation: Carlos Flórez-Zorrilla., et al. “Ethnic and Geographical Distribution of Liver Cancer in Mexico. Review". Acta Scientific Gastrointestinal Disorders 6.6 (2023): 18-21.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2023 Carlos Flórez-Zorrilla., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.