Mustafa R Rysuly, Aiman Sadvakas*, Nurlan R Rakhmetov, Manas E Ramazanov, Baltybek K Zhanbyrbai and Bekbolat S Musabaev

Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, S. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Kazakhstan

*Corresponding Author: Aiman Sadvakas, Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, S. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Kazakhstan.

Received: February 18, 2022; Published: March 11, 2022

Abstract

This article presents a retrospective analysis of laboratory parameters in patients with end-stage chronic renal failure receiving lifelong hemodialysis and having a positive test for viral hepatitis C. The indicators of the complete blood count (red blood cell count, leukocyte count, platelet count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and ESR) were analyzed, biochemical studies for glucose, total protein, albumin, renal functional tests (glomerular filtration rate - GFR, creatine and urea), liver function tests (ALT and AST), iron examination (concentration of serum iron and ferritin), C-reactive protein. For the diagnosis of viral hepatitis C, only the test for the determination of antibodies against viral hepatitis anti-HCV (Hepatitis C virus) was used. A statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out - the number and percentage, the arithmetic average, the level of significance P at ≤ 0.05. Assessment of the terminal stage of chronic renal failure in terms of sexual dimorphism in a comprehensive study of the diagnosis of hepatitis C in patients receiving hemodialysis was made for the first time. Fluctuations in individual diagnostic and prognostic indicators of laboratory tests, suggesting the involvement of sex factors in the combined development of viral hepatitis C and chronic renal failure were identified with an unfavorable prognosis. An important conclusion was made that, in order to improve diagnosis, it is necessary to follow the algorithm for early diagnosis of viral hepatitis C in patients with chronic kidney disease, who are shown to undergo dialysis, according to the guidelines of KDIGO (Kidney disease: Improving Global Outcomes, 2018). First of all, it is necessary to include a test for determining the nucleic acids of the causative agent of viral hepatitis C - the RNA test.

Keywords: Glomerular Filtration Rate; Albuminuria; Liver Enzymes; RNA Test

References

1. Borzanova MV. “Viral hepatitis B and C in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing treatment in programmed hemodialysis centers”. Moscow (2005): 130.
2. Zemchenkov A., et al. “Anemia in patients with CKD 5: current trends in the world and the picture in St. Petersburg”. Nephrology and Dialysis3 (2017): 47-56.
3. “KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline 2012 for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease”. Nephrology and Dialysis1 (2013): 14-53.
4. Рractical guide to the prevention, diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of hepatitis C in patients with CKD. (2018): 19.
5. Stepanova EN., et al. “Immunity indices in patients with end-stage renal failure and the uremic toxin para-cresol (literature review and our own research)”. Experimental Clinical Urology 1 (2016): 112-119.
6. Shvedov AK., et al. “Viral hepatitis in dialysis patients”. Manual for Physicians (2003): 56.
7. Shilo V., et al. “Russian national guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease”. Nephrology and Dialysis1 (2016): 19-34.
8. Akchurin OM and Kaskel F. “Update on Inflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease”. Blood Purifier 39 (2015): 84-92.
9. Agrawal S., et al. “Effects of end-stage renal disease and haemodialysis on dendritic cell subsets and basal and LPS-stimulated cytokine production”. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 3 (2010): 737-746.
10. Chen YC., et al. “Hepatitis C virus itself is a causal risk factor for chronic kidney disease beyond traditional risk factors: a 6-year nationwide cohort study across Taiwan”. BMC Nephrology 14 (2013): 187-195.
11. Chigurupati P., et al. “Study of incidence of hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients”. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 7 (2014): 167-170.
12. Collister D., et al. “Anemia management in chronic kidney disease and dialysis: a narrative review”. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 3 (2017): 214-218.
13. Fabrizi F., et al. “Hepatitis C virus increases the risk of kidney disease among HIV-positive patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis”. Journal of Medical Virology 3 (2016): 487-497.
14. Gregory M Lucas. “Association between hepatitis C virus and chronic kidney disease: heterogeneity begets heterogeneity”. Kidney International 3 (2017): 546-548.
15. Kang SS., et al. “Nutritional Status Predicts 10-Year Mortality in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis”. Nutrients4 (2017): 99-104.
16. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease”. Kidney International Supplements4 (2012).
17. Lee JJ., et al. “Hepatitis C virus infection increases risk of developing end-stage renal disease using competing risk analysis”. PLoS One 9 (2014): e100790.
18. Li M., et al. “A systematic review and metaanalysis: Does hepatitis C virus infection predispose to the development of chronic kidney disease?” Oncotarget6 (2017): 10692-10702.
19. Li WC., et al. “Age and gender differences in the relationship between hepatitis C infection and all stages of chronic kidney disease”. Journal of Viral Hepatitis 21 (2014): 706-715.
20. Luı´s Henrique Bezerra Cavalcanti Sette and Edmundo Pessoa de Almeida Lopes. “Liver enzymes serum levels in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis: a comprehensive review”. CLINICS4 (2014): 271-278.
21. Liu B., et al. “Hepatitis C virus infection among hemodialysis patients in Asia: a meta-analysis”. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 18 (2014): 3174-3182.
22. Mai Nabil Elnaggar., et al. “Effect of HCV Infection Versus HBV Infection on the Response to Erythropoietin Therapy in The Treatment of Anemia in Prevalent Haemodialysis Patients”. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine 70 (2018): 92-96.
23. Mohamed Fouad., et al. “Influence of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Infections on Anemia in Hemodialysis Patients”. Enliven Archive 20 (2015): 1-6.
24. Molnar MZ., et al. “Association of hepatitis C virus infection with incidence and progression of chronic kidney disease in a largecohort of US veterans”. Hepatology 61 (2015): 1495-1502.
25. Necati Örmeci. “Treatment of Patients with Hepatitis C Virus and Kidney Diseases”. International Journal of Gastroenterology Disorders and Therapy 5 (2018): 138-145.
26. Nosratola D Vaziri., et al. “Effect of uremia on structure and function of immune system”. Journal of Renal Nutrition 1 (2012): 149-156.
27. Obi Y., et al. “Latest consensus and update on protein-energy wasting in chronic kidney disease”. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care3 (2015): 254-262.
28. Perunicić-Peković G., et al. “Predictors of mortality in dialysis patients-association between malnutrition, inflammation and atherosclerosis (MIA syndrome)”. Medicinski Pregled3-4 (2004): 149-152.
29. Sabatino A., et al. “Protein-energy wasting and nutritional supplementation in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis”. Clinical Nutrition 3 (2017): 663-671.
30. Yao Q., et al. “Systemic inflammation in dialysis patients with end-stage renal disease causes and consequences”. Minerva Urology and Nephrology 56 (2004): 237-248.

Citation

Citation: Aiman Sadvakas., et al. “Need of Improving the Diagnostics of Viral Hepatitis C in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease, Receiving Hemo dialysis” Acta Scientific Gastrointestinal Disorders 5.4 (2022): 14-21.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Aiman Sadvakas., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.