Acta Scientific Gastrointestinal Disorders (ASGIS)(ISSN: 2582-1091)

Research Article Volume 3 Issue 10

COVID-19 and Liver Disease

Ankur Jindal1*, Rakesh K Jagdish1 and Aditi Gupta2

1Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
2Visiting Consultant Dermatologist, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India

*Corresponding Author: Ankur Jindal, Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Received: August 28, 2020; Published: September 30, 2020

×

Abstract

  The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first notify to WHO on December 2019 by china after its eruption in Wuhan, subsequently now it has been noticed globally and WHO Declares it as pandemic on 11-3-2020. Respiratory manifestations are predominant feature of COVID-19, but in severe illness and critical patients multi-organ involvement occurs and results in dismal prognosis. Liver patients are also at great risk of worsening of underlying compensated condition and can develop acute decompensation or exacerbation of liver disease with high morbidity and mortality especially in immunosuppressed state due to advanced liver diseases and some patients on immunosuppressive drugs; e.g. autoimmune liver disease and post liver transplantation. This mini review is about the brief summary of the impact of COVID19 infection on patients of liver diseases and management of COVID in liver patients.

Keywords: Liver Cirrhosis; COVID-19; SARS-COV2; Management

×

References

  1. Lu R., et al. “Genomic characterisation andepidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding”. Lancet 10224 (2020): 565-574.
  2. Kukla M., et al. “COVID-19, MERS and SARS with concomitant liver injury — systematic review of the existing literature”. Journal of Clinical Medicine 9 (2020): 1420.
  3. Hofmann M., et al. “SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor”. Cell (2020).
  4. Ramakrishna G., et al. “SARS-Cov-2 (human) and COVID-19: Primer 2020”. Hepatology International4 (2020): 475-477.
  5. Tang X., et al. “On the origin and continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2”. National Science Review (2020).
  6. Zhou F., et al. “Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult in patients with COVID19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study”. Lancet10229 (2020): 1054-1062.
  7. Chen C., et al. “Advances in the research of cytokine storm mechanism induced by Corona Virus Disease 2 19 and the corresponding immunotherapies”. Zhonghua Shaoshang Zazhi 36 (2020): E005.
  8. Liu Z., et al. “Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike proteins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2”. Journal of Medical Virology (2020).
  9. Xu H., et al. “High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa”. International Journal of Oral Science (2020).
  10. Mehta P., et al. “COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression”. Lancet 395 (2020): 1033-1034.
  11. Wang D., et al. “Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China”. JAMA (2020).
  12. Guan WJ., et al. “Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China”. The New England Journal of Medicine 382 (2020): 1708-1720.
  13. Li Q., et al. “Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia”. The New England Journal of Medicine (2020).
  14. Luo S., et al. “Don't overlook digestive symptoms in patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19)”. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020).
  15. Wu Z and McGoogan JM. “Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention”. JAMA (2020).
  16. Wu Y., et al. “Prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in faecal samples”. Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020).
  17. Green CA., et al. “Screening faecal microbiota transplant donors for SARS-CoV-2 by molecular testing of stool is the safest way forward”. Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020).
  18. Koskinas J., et al. “Liver histology in ICU patients dying from sepsis: a clinico-pathological study”. World Journal of Gastroenterology 14 (2008): 1389-1393.
  19. Zhang C., et al. “Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges”. Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology5 (2020): 428-430.
  20. Jin XI., et al. “Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus‐infected disease 2019 (COVID‐19) with gastrointestinal symptoms”. Gut 69 (2020): 1002‐1009.
  21. Xie H., et al. “Clinical characteristics of non-ICU hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and liver injury: a retrospective study”. Liver International (2020).
  22. Ji D., et al. “Implication of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) in patients with COVID‐19: a preliminary analysis”. Journal of Hepatology (2020).
  23. Zhang J., et al. “Risk factors for disease severity, unimprovement, and mortality in COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China”. Clinical Microbiology and Infection6 (2020): 767-772.
  24. Li J and Jian-Gao F. “Characteristics and mechanism of liver injury in 2019 coronavirus disease”. Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology (2020).
  25. Xu Z., et al. “Pathological fndings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome”. Lancet Respiratory Medicine 4 (2020): 420-422.
  26. Huang C., et al. “Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China”. Lancet 395 (2020): 497.
  27. Chen N., et al. “Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study”. Lancet 395 (2020): 507.
  28. Xu X and Gao X. “Immunological responses against SARS-coronavirus infection in humans”. Cellular and Molecular Immunology2 (2004): 119-122.
  29. Albillos A., et al. “Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction: distinctive features and clinical relevance”. Journal of Hepatology6 (2014): 1385-1396.
  30. Kulkarni AV., et al. “Systematic review with meta-analysis: liver manifestations and outcomes in COVID-19”. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 52 (2020): 584-599.
  31. Sarin SK., et al. “Pre-existing liver disease is associated with poor outcome in patients with SARS CoV2 infection. The APCOLIS Study (APASL COVID-19 Liver Injury Spectrum Study)”. Hepatology International (2020).
  32. Boettler T., et al. “Care of patients with liver disease during the COVID‐19 pandemic: EASL‐ESCMID position paper”. JHEP Report3 (2020): 100113.
  33. Cai Q., et al. “COVID‐19 in a designated infectious diseases hospital outside Hubei Province, China”. Allergy (2020).
  34. Portincasa P., et al. “COVID-19 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Two intersecting pandemics”. European Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020): e13338.
  35. Rosenblatt R and Verna EC. “COVID 19: Management of Decompensated Cirrhosis and Liver Transplant Recipients”. Clinical Liver Disease5 (2020).
  36. Saigal S., et al. “Liver transplantation and COVID-19 (Coronavirus) infection: guidelines of the liver transplant Society of India (LTSI)”. Hepatology International4 (2020): 429-431.
  37. Qin J., et al. “Perioperative Presentation of COVID-19 Disease in a Liver Transplant Recipient”. Hepatology (2020).
  38. Bin L., et al. “Successful treatment of severe COVID‐19 pneumonia in a liver transplant recipient”. American Journal of Transplantation (2020).
  39. Huang JF., et al. “Fatal outcome in a liver transplant recipient with COVID-19”. American Journal of Transplantation 7 (2020): 1907-1910.
  40. Bhoori S., et al. “COVID-19 in long-term liver transplant patients: preliminary experience from an Italian transplant centre in Lombardy”. Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology 5 (2020): 532-533.
  41. Singh S and Khan A. “Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 among patients with pre-existing liver disease in United States: a multi-center research network study”. Gastroenterology (2020).
  42. Jenssen T and Hartmann A. “Post-transplant diabetes mellitus in patients with solid organ transplants”. Nature Review Endocrinology 15 (2019): 172-88.
  43. Di Maira., et al. “COVID-19 and liver transplantation”. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020).
  44. Barlow A., et al. “Review of emerging pharmacotherapy for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019”. Pharmacotherapy 40 (2020): 416-437.
  45. Fries JF., et al. “Aspirin, hydroxychloroquine, and hepatic enzyme abnormalities with methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis”. Arthritis and Rheumatology 33 (1990): 1611‐1619.
  46. Meyerowitz EA., et al. “Rethinking the role of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID‐19”. FASEB Journal 34 (2020): 6027‐6037.
  47. L Caly., et al. “The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 invitro”. Antiviral Research 178 (2020): 1047872.
  48. Guzzo CA., et al. “Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of escalating high doses of ivermectin in healthy adult subjects”. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 42 (2002): 1122‐1133.
  49. Grein J., et al. “Compassionate use of remdesivir for patients with severe Covid‐19”. The New England Journal of Medicine (2020).
  50. Chen C., et al. “Favipiravir versus arbidol for COVID‐ 19: a randomized clinical trial”. medRxiv (2020).
  51. Jácome R., et al. “Sofosbuvir as a potential alternative to treat the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic”. Scientific Report 10 (2020): 9294.
  52. YIĞENOĞLU., et al. “Convalescent plasma therapy in patients with COVID-19”. Journal of Clinical Apheresis 35 (2020): 367-373.
  53. The RECOVERY Collaborative Group. “Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 — Preliminary Report” (2020).
  54. Genovese MC., et al. “Transaminase levels and hepatic events during tocilizumab treatment: pooled analysis of long‐term clinical trial safety data in rheumatoid arthritis”. Arthritis Rheumatology 69 (2017): 1751‐1761.
  55. Dragonas C., et al. “Tocilizumab treatment in a patient suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and concomitant chronic hepatitis C infection”. Rheumatology (Oxford). 51 (2012): 1520‐1521.
  56. Chen L‐F., et al. “Short‐course tocilizumab increases risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective clinical observation”. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 20 (2017): 859‐869.
  57. SK Sarin. "Fast, faster, and fastest: science on the run during COVID 19 drama"—"do not forget the liver". Hepatology International 14 (2020): 454-455.

 

×

Citation

Citation: Ankur Jindal., et al. “COVID-19 and Liver Disease". Acta Scientific Gastrointestinal Disorders 3.10 (2020): 20-27.




Metrics

Acceptance rate35%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days

Indexed In




News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is December 25, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"

Contact US