Advances and Challenges in Developing Large Language Models for Low-Resource Languages
Srreyansh Sethi*
American High School, California, USA
*Corresponding Author: Srreyansh Sethi, American High School, Fremont, California, USA.
Received:
April 15, 2024; Published: April 30, 2024
Abstract
The development and deployment of large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant success in numerous high-resource languages, transforming aspects of communication, business, and technology. However, the application of these advanced AI systems in low-resource languages (LRLs) presents a distinct set of challenges, notably due to the scarcity of data, economic constraints, and the complexity of linguistic diversity. This paper reviews recent advancements in the adaptation of LLMs for LRLs, highlighting the technological innovations and methodological approaches that aim to mitigate these challenges. We discuss the introduction of novel training techniques such as cross-lingual transfer learning, resource augmentation methods, and unsupervised learning strategies that enhance the performance and applicability of LLMs in LRL contexts. Key challenges are analyzed, including data scarcity, linguistic diversity, and the economic implications of deploying LLMs in LRL settings. Case studies are presented to demonstrate the practical implications and successes of these approaches, providing insights into their effectiveness and the ongoing challenges. This review underscores the importance of continuous innovation and the need for collaborative efforts to ensure that the benefits of AI and LLM technologies are accessible across all linguistic landscapes, thus promoting global digital inclusivity. Through a comprehensive analysis of current strategies and future directions, this paper aims to contribute to the growing field of computational linguistics and the development of equitable AI technologies
Keywords: Language Models; Low-Resource Languages; AI; Computational Linguistics; Transfer Learning
References
- Yong Zheng-Xin., et al. “Low-Resource Languages Jailbreak GPT-4”. ArXiv abs/2310.02446 (2023): n.
- Nag Arijit., et al. “Cost-Performance Optimization for Processing Low-Resource Language Tasks Using Commercial LLMs”. ArXiv abs/2403.05434 (2024): n.
- Nguyen Xuan-Phi., et al. “Democratizing LLMs for Low-Resource Languages by Leveraging their English Dominant Abilities with Linguistically-Diverse Prompts”. ArXiv abs/2306.11372 (2023): n.
- Patwa Parth., et al. “Enhancing Low-Resource LLMs Classification with PEFT and Synthetic Data”. (2024).
- Alam Firoj., et al. "LLMs for Low Resource Languages in Multilingual, Multimodal and Dialectal Settings”. _Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts_, edited by Mohsen Mesgar and Sharid Loáiciga, Association for Computational Linguistics, (2024): 27-33.
- Cahyawijaya Samuel., et al. “InstructAlign: High-and-Low Resource Language Alignment via Continual Crosslingual Instruction Tuning”. Proceedings of the First Workshop in South East Asian Language Processing (2023): n.
- Sitaram Sunayana., et al. "Everything You Need to Know about Multilingual LLMs: Towards Fair, Performant and Reliable Models for Languages of the World". _Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 6: Tutorial Abstracts), edited by Yun-Nung (Vivian) Chen, Margot Margot, and Siva Reddy, Association for Computational Linguistics, (2023): 21-26.
- Shen Lingfeng., et al. “The Language Barrier: Dissecting Safety Challenges of LLMs in Multilingual Contexts”. ArXiv abs/2401.13136 (2024): n.
- Mao Zhuoyuan and Yen Yu. “Tuning LLMs with Contrastive Alignment Instructions for Machine Translation in Unseen, Low-resource Languages”. ArXiv abs/2401.05811 (2024): n.
- Holmström Oskar Jenny Kunz and Marco Kuhlmann. "Bridging the Resource Gap: Exploring the Efficacy of English and Multilingual LLMs for Swedish”. _Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Resources and Representations for Under-Resourced Languages and Domains (RESOURCEFUL-2023)_, edited by Nikolai Ilinykh., et al., Association for Computational Linguistics, (2023): 92-110.
- Cassano Federico., et al. “Knowledge Transfer from High-Resource to Low-Resource Programming Languages for Code LLMs”. ArXiv abs/2308.09895 (2023): n.
- Muraoka Masayasu., et al. "Cross-Lingual Transfer of Large Language Model by Visually-Derived Supervision Toward Low-Resource Languages”. Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Multimedia, Association for Computing Machinery, (2023): 3637-3646.
- Lankford S., et al. "adaptMLLM: Fine-Tuning Multilingual Language Models on Low-Resource Languages with Integrated LLM Playgrounds”. Information 14 (2023): 638.
- Robinson Nathaniel R., et al. “ChatGPT MT: Competitive for High- (but Not Low-) Resource Languages”. ArXiv abs/2309.07423 (2023): n.
- Cahyawijaya Samuel., et al. “LLMs Are Few-Shot In-Context Low-Resource Language Learners”. ArXiv abs/2403.16512 (2024): n.
- Zhao Wanru., et al. "Breaking Physical and Linguistic Borders: Multilingual Federated Prompt Tuning for Low-Resource Languages”. International Workshop on Federated Learning in the Age of Foundation Models in Conjunction with NeurIPS 2023 (2023).
- Andersland Michael. “Amharic LLaMA and LLaVA: Multimodal LLMs for Low Resource Languages”. ArXiv abs/2403.06354 (2024): n.
- Merx Raphael., et al. “Low-Resource Machine Translation through Retrieval-Augmented LLM Prompting: A Study on the Mambai Language”. (2024).
Citation
Copyright