Abin Varghese*, Tina Varghese, Weber Wong Tuong Shi, Loh Xing Yee and Khoo Kay Han

Penang International Dental College, Penang, Malaysia

*Corresponding Author: Abin Varghese, Penang International Dental College, Penang, Malaysia.

Received: April 17, 2023; Published: May 09, 2023

Abstract

Background: Mandibular third molar is the most common tooth to be impacted associated with the complication of distal caries on the mandibular 2nd molar. This can be prevented if the impacted tooth is diagnosed early and provided appropriate management. The aim of this study is to assess the incidence of distal caries in second molar due to impacted third molar in PIDC. The objectives of the study are to evaluate the incidence of distal caries in mandibular second molar by impacted third molar teeth together with the gender variation, angulation and age group in the incidence of distal caries of second molar.

Aims and Objectives: The present study is aimed to assess incidence of distal caries in second molar due to impacted third molar in Penang International Dental College (PIDC), Penang, Malaysia. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the incidence of distal caries in mandibular second molar by impacted third molar teeth, to assess the gender variation in the incidence of distal caries of second molar, to assess the association between distal caries and different types of angulations of third molar impaction and to assess the most prevalent age group having distal caries in mandibular second molar. Thus, the researchers are able to reduce the risk of distal caries in second molar by identifying its relation with the impacted third molar.

Methodology: This is an evidence based study conducted on 45 patients, who have impacted 3^rd molar with the age of 18 and above that visit the college PIDC. The gender variation, ethnicity, including the age of the patient are recorded. The periapical radiograph or pre-op OPG are taken to determine the impaction and distal caries.

Results: According to this study results, 57.78% cases show caries on the distal aspect of the mandibular 2nd molar due to impacted 3^rd molar. The incidence of distal caries with horizontal impaction was 46.15%. A majority of horizontal impaction cases were found as per the Pell and Gregory classification. Males show higher incidence compared to females (57.69%) with the age group of 23 - 27 and 28 - 33 (30.77%).

Conclusion: In conclusion, more than half of the patients in PIDC have distal caries in the second molar due to the impacted 3^rd molar, hence prophylactic removal should be considered, especially in horizontal impaction. Besides, males and patients with the age of 23 and above should pay more attention to their impacted 3^rd molar as they have higher risk of developing distal caries in the second molar.

 Keywords: Impaction; Distal Caries; Mandibular Molar; Impacted 3^rd Molar; Horizontal

Bibliography

1. Almarshedy SM. “Pervasiveness of Distal Caries in Mandibular Second Molar in Sequence of Affected of Impacted Third Molar in Hail, Saudi Arabia”. EC Dental Science 18 (2019): 2435-2442.
2. Syed KB., et al. “Prevalence of impacted molar teeth among Saudi population in the Asir region, Saudi Arabia–a retrospective study of 3 years”. Journal of International Oral Health: JIOH1 (2013): 43.
3. AlHobail SQ., et al. “Evaluation Distal caries of the second molars in the presence of third molars among Saudi patients”. Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry5 (2019): 505.
4. Toedtling V., et al. “Distal caries of the second molar in the presence of a mandibular third molar–a prevention protocol”. British Dental Journal6 (2016): 297.
5. Srivastava N., et al. “Incidence of distal caries in mandibular second molars due to impacted third molars: Non intervention strategy of asymptomatic third molars causes harm? A retrospective study”. International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research1 (2017): 15.
6. Pentapati KC., et al. “Association of impacted mandibular third molar with caries on distal surface of second molar”. Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada 19 (2019).
7. Oguz Y., et al. “Incidence of root canal treatment of second molars following adjacent impacted third molar extraction”. Journal of Dental Sciences1 (2016): 90-94.
8. Ali FM., et al. “Study of prevalence of caries on distal side of second mandibular molar due to impacted mandibular third molar”. Annals of International medical and Dental Research 3 (2017): DE41-43.
9. Jaffar RO and Tin-Oo MM. “Impacted mandibular third molars among patients attending Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia”. Archives of Orofacial Sciences1 (2009): 7-12.
10. Shareif MS., et al. “Pattern of mandibular third molar impaction in Malaysia population and their association with gender, age and race”. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research1 (2020): 194-200.
11. Malik NA. “Textbook of oral and maxillofacial surgery”. 4^th Jaypee: Newdelhi (2016): 293-324.
12. Mahdey HM., et al. “Prevalence and difficulty index associated with the 3^rd mandibular molar impaction among Malaysian ethnicities: a clinico-radiographic study”. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR 9 (2015): ZC65.
13. Kanneppady SK., et al. “A comparative study on radiographic analysis of impacted third molars among three ethnic groups of patients attending AIMST Dental Institute, Malaysia”. Dental Research Journal3 (2013): 353.
14. Ryalat S., et al. “Impaction of lower third molars and their association with age: radiological perspectives”. BMC Oral Health1 (2018): 1-5.
15. Quek SL., et al. “Pattern of third molar impaction in a Singapore Chinese population: a retrospective radiographic survey”. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery5 (2003): 548-552.
16. Jin X., et al. “Analysis of Factors Related to Distal Proximal Caries on the Distal Surface of the Mandibular Second Molar Induced by an Impacted Mandibular Third Molar”. International Journal of General Medicine 14 (2021): 3659.
17. Chen YW., et al. “Associations between aging and second molar diseases in patients having adjacent impacted third molar extraction”. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association1 (2021): 380-387.
18. Kang F., et al. “Effect of eruption status of the mandibular third molar on distal caries in the adjacent second molar”. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery4 (2016): 684-692.
19. Marques J., et al. “Impacted lower third molars and distal caries in the mandibular second molar. Is prophylactic removal of lower third molars justified?”. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry6 (2017): e794.
20. Prajapati VK., et al. “Pattern of mandibular third molar impaction and its association to caries in mandibular second molar: A clinical variant”. Dental Research Journal2 (2017): 137.

Citation: Abin Varghese., et al. “Incidence of Distal Caries in Mandibular Second Molar due to Impacted Third Molar". Acta Scientific Clinical Case Reports 4.6 (2023): 08-13.

Copyright: © 2023 Abin Varghese., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.