Ekwempu Adaobi Ifeoma¹* Olaniru Olumide², Isiguzoru Ikechukwu², Bot David Yakubu¹ and Okeke Christiana Chiamaka¹*

¹Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
²Department of Chemical Pathology, Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

*Corresponding Author: Okeke Christiana Chiamaka, Ekwempu Adaobi Ifeoma Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.

Received: February 12, 2022; Published: April 19, 2022

Abstract

Background: Microalbuminuria and glycosuria are useful biochemical parameters for the assessment of renal and cardiovascular dysfunction during pregnancy. They have high predictive value for conditions such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes in early pregnancy. Our study sought to determine the concentrations of urinary microalbumin and glucose among pregnant women attending the Plateau State Specialist Hospital, in Jos, Plateau State as a means of possible disease prevention.

Methods: A total of 160 women who consented to the study were enrolled, 140 were pregnant women while 20 were apparently non- pregnant women. Routine spot urine samples were collected from the women and concentrations of urinary albumin and creatinine were determined using the turbidimetric and Jaffe reaction methods respectively. Microalbuminuria was then determined by calculating the urinary albumin: creatinine ratio (UACR ratio). The glucose oxidase method was used to determine the concentration of glucose in the urine using point of care glucose test strips.

Results: The Mean ± Standard deviation urinary albumin and creatinine concentrations were 2.14 ± 2.25 mg/dl and 0.08 ± 0.06g/dl respectively for the pregnant women while the non-pregnant participants had 1.92 ± 1.54mg/dl and 0.17 ± 0.09g/dl respectively. The Mean ± Standard deviation microalbuminuria concentration for the pregnant women was 47.58 ± 84.28 mg/g while the non-pregnant participants was 16.21 ± 27.02 mg/g (p ˃ 0.05). The mean ± standard deviation glycosuria concentration for the pregnant women was 0.76 ± 1.07 mmol/l while that of the non- pregnant control was 0.49 ± 0.22mmol/l (p > 0.05). The mean ± standard deviation microalbuminuria concentrations in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy were (86.05 ± 189.21 mg/g), (83.46 ± 146.11) and (37.42 ± 56.47) respectively. Microalbuminuria levels were significantly elevated in the first and third trimesters respectively, with P < 0.05. The mean glycosuria concentrations in the first, second and third trimesters were (0.75 ± 0.80 mg/dl), (2.18 ± 4.16 mg/dl) and (1.22 ± 1.36 mg/dl) respectively, with P > 0.05.

Conclusion: Microalbuminuria and glycosuria may be useful biochemical markers for predicting the occurrence of renal and cardiovascular disorders in pregnancy.

Keywords: Microalbuminuria; Glycosuria; Pregnancy

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Citation: Okeke Christiana Chiamaka, Ekwempu Adaobi Ifeoma., et al. “Microalbuminuria and Glycosuria as Biomarkers for Renal and Cardiovascular Disorders in Pregnancy". Acta Scientific Clinical Case Reports 3.5 (2022): 49-55.

Copyright: © 2022 Okeke Christiana Chiamaka, Ekwempu Adaobi Ifeoma., et al.. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.