Acta Scientific Cancer Biology (ASCB) (ISSN: 2582-4473)

Research Article Volume 7 Issue 3

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) - Biology, Diagnosis and Prognosis

Preeti Tripathi1* and Janmeet Kular2

1Associate Professor, Hematopathology, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India
2Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Army Hopsital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India

*Corresponding Author: Preeti Tripathi, Associate Professor, Hematopathology, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India.

Received: April 11, 2023; Published: April 14, 2023

Abstract

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is one of the medical emergencies in malignant hematology, wherein, high index of suspicion and early diagnosis is paramount. In 90-95% cases this malignancy results from a balanced translocation, commonly t(15;17) (q22;q12-21), which leads to the fusion of the promyelocytic leukemia gene (PML) with retinoic acid receptor alpha gene (RARA). Other rare cases (10-15%) which arise due to cryptic or complex rearrangements lack this classical translocation. Genetic diagnosis becomes essential in such patients as these patients may have atypical clinical presentations, require a different approach to treatment and have different prognosis in long run. APL on morphology has classical “buttock shaped” abnormal promyelocytes with faggots - However this classical morphology may be absent in variants. Immunophenotypically also - variants may have a deviant phenotype. Crisp management of early complications can save precious lives. Development of new targeted molecules have changed the course of APL treatment.

 Keywords: Promyelocytic Leukemia; Retinoic Acid Receptor; ATRA

References

  1. Hillestad LK. “Acute promyelocytic leukemia”. Acta medica Scandinavica 159 (1957): 189-194.
  2. Grimwade D and Lo Coco F. “Acute promyelocytic leukemia: a model for the role of molecular diagnosis and residual disease monitoring in directing treatment approach in acute myeloid leukemia”. Leukemia 16 (2002): 1959-1973.
  3. Sirulnik A., et al. “Molecular pathogenesis of acute pro- myelocytic leukaemia and APL variants”. Best Practice and Research Clinical Haematology 16 (2003): 387-408.
  4. Breen KA., et al. “The pathogenesis and management of the coagulopathy of acute promyelocytic leukaemia”. British Journal of Haematology 156 (2012): 24-36.
  5. Bajpai J., et al. “Acute promyelocytic leukemia: an experience from a tertiary care centre in north India”. Indian Journal of Cancer 48 (2011): 316-322.
  6. Borowitz MJ., et al. “U.S Canadian Consensus recommendations on the immunophenotypic analysis of hematologic neoplasia by flow cytometry: data analysis and interpretation”.Cytometry 30 (1997): 236-244.
  7. Annette Fasan., et al. “Molecular landscape of acute promyelocytic leukemia at diagnosis and relapse”. Haematologica 6 (2017): e222-e224.
  8. Daver N., et al. “Clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia and hyperleukocytosis”. British Journal of Haematology 168 (2015): 646-653.
  9. Kussick SJ., et al. “A distinctive nuclear morphology in acute myeloid leukemia is strongly associated with loss of HLA-DR expression and FLT3 internal tandem duplication”. Leukemia 18 (2004): 1591-1598. 
  10. Sanz MA., et al. “Management of acute promyelocytic leukemia: updated recommendations from an expert panel of the European Leukemia Net”. Blood 133 (2019): 1630-1643.

Citation

Citation: Preeti Tripathi and Janmeet Kular. “Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) - Biology, Diagnosis and Prognosis" Acta Scientific Cancer Biology 7.3 (2023): 08-14.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2023 Preeti Tripathi and Janmeet Kular. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate35%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days
Impact Factor1.183

Indexed In




News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is September 25, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"
  • Welcoming Article Submission
    Acta Scientific delightfully welcomes active researchers for submission of articles towards the upcoming issue of respective journals.

Contact US