Hyacinth Tochukwu Eze¹*, Ezejindu Damian Nnabuihe², Joshua Izuchukwu Abugu² and Ifeanacho Ezetaonu Abireh³

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, College of Medicine Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
²Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
³Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria

*Corresponding Author: Hyacinth Tochukwu Eze, Department of Internal Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, College of Medicine Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.

Received: May 27, 2024; Published: June 12, 2024

Abstract

Paracetamol which is one of the most commonly consumed drugs all over the world has shown some toxic effect when consumed in large quantity or consistently. However, it is not clear whether or not the toxicity is related to the vital organs like the liver and kidney, hence the present study is aimed towards showing not only the toxic effect of paracetamol on the liver and kidney but more importantly investigating the protective effect of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaf against paracetamol induced toxicity on these organs. Sixteen (16) adult wistar rats weighing 180-220g were divided into four groups of four animals each. Group A was given normal rat feed and water as the control; group B was administered 100 mg/kg body weight of paracetamol, group C was administered 250 mg/kg body weight of Psidium guajava leaf, while group D was administered 100 mg/kg of paracetamol + 250 mg/kg of aqueous leaf extract of Psidium guajava. All the treatments were given daily orally for twenty one days. Twenty four hours after the last administration, the animals were anesthetized under chloroform vapour and dissected. The liver and kidney tissues were harvested, weighed and fixed in 10% formal saline for histological studies. Blood for serum preparation was collected through ocular puncture for histochemical studies. Evaluations of marker enzymes were carried out using randox kit method. The serum levels of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphotase (ALP), creatinine and urea in group B was significantly higher (P < 0.005) than the control group A and groups C and D. The result of this study show that the paracetamol administered damaged the two organs and it also shows that the aqueous extract of Psidium guajava has an ameliorating effect on the paracetamol induced organs. The extract may contain antioxidant and chemoprotective properties against paracetamol induced toxicity.

Keywords: Paracetamol; Psidium guajava; Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)

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Citation

Citation: Hyacinth Tochukwu Eze., et al. “Effects of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Psidium guajava (Guava) on Paracetamol Induced Kidney Damage in Wistar Rats".Acta Scientific Biotechnology 5.3 (2024): 13-21.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2024 Hyacinth Tochukwu Eze., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.