Kaiser Jamil¹*, Shiva Kumar Yerra², Uzma Begum¹, Syeda Javeria Anjum¹ and Javeed Ahmed Tantray¹

¹Genetics Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, India
²Cardiology Department, Mahavir Hospital and Research Centre, India

*Corresponding Author: Kaiser Jamil, Genetics Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, India.

Received: December 11, 2023; Published: December 30, 2023

Abstract

This study delves into the intricate biochemical mechanisms underlying heart failure in individuals with type 2 diabetes, aiming to provide valuable insights through a few compelling case studies. The prevalence of heart failure in type 2 diabetics has been a growing concern, necessitating a thorough exploration of the biochemical pathways that contribute to this complex interplay between metabolic disorders and cardiovascular complications. The limitations of current prediction models for assessing cardiovascular risk in individuals with diabetes present a significant challenge This research employs an epidemiology and etiology approach, combining clinical data and biochemical analyses, to unravel the nuanced connections between diabetes and heart failure. This study underscores the importance of a comprehensive approach to managing heart failure in type 2 diabetics, emphasizing the need for tailored treatment strategies that can address the specific biochemical imbalances identified in individual cases. By leveraging the biochemical insights gleaned from these case studies, clinicians and researchers alike can contribute to the development of more effective and targeted therapeutic interventions, ultimately improving outcomes and quality of life for individuals grappling with the challenging intersection of type 2 diabetes and heart failure.

Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes; CVD; MI; Biochemistry; Epidemiology; Etiology; Drugs; Pathophysiology

References

1. Ma CX., et al. “Cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: progress toward personalized management”. Cardiovascular Diabetology 21 (2022): 74.
2. Einarson TR., et al. “Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: a systematic literature review of scientific evidence from across the world in 2007-2017”. Cardiovascular Diabetology 17 (2018): 83.
3. Lemma Demissie Regassa., et al. “Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease and Associated Factors Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Selected Hospitals of Harari Region, Eastern Ethiopia”. Frontiers in Public Health 8 (2020).
4. Martín-Timón I., et al. “Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Have all risk factors the same strength?” World Journal of Diabetes4 (2014): 444-470.
5. Isabelle Johansson and Francesco Cosentino. “The combination of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes: a therapeutic challenge (2019)”. European Heart Journal 21 (2019): C37-C39.
6. Joshua J Joseph., et al. “Comprehensive Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association”. Circulation9 (2022): e722-e759.
7. Leon BM and Maddox TM. “Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Epidemiology, biological mechanisms, treatment recommendations and future research”. World Journal of Diabetes13 (2015): 1246-1258.
8. CVD-MA-1 Sun L., et al. “Current advances in the study of diabetic cardiomyopathy: from clinicopathological features to molecular therapeutics (review)”. Molecular Medicine Reports 20 (2019): 2051-2062.
9. Khil J., et al. “Changes in total cholesterol level and cardiovascular disease risk among type 2 diabetes patients”. Scientific Report 13 (2023): 8342.
10. Sharma A., et al. “Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: inter-relation of risk factors and treatment”. Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 6 (2020): 130.
11. L Ravikumar., et al. “Dapagliflozin and Sitagliptin Combination Therapy: An Overview of Clinical Utility in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Multiple Cardiovascular Risk Factors”. Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine 7 (2023): 141-144.
12. Kalra S., et al. “Thyroid Dysfunction and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Screening Strategies and Implications for Management”. Diabetes Therapy6 (2019): 2035-2044.
13. Zhu P., et al. “TSH levels within the normal range and risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality among individuals with diabetes. Cardiovascular Diabetology 21 (2022): 254.
14. Peppa M and Raptis SA. “Advanced glycation end products and cardiovascular disease”. Current Diabetes Reviews 2 (2008): 92-100.
15. Fishman SL., et al. “The role of advanced glycation end-products in the development of coronary artery disease in patients with and without diabetes mellitus: a review”. Molecular Medicine 24 (2018): 59.
16. Han Y., et al. “Effect of metformin on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery diseases: a systematic review and an updated meta-analysis”. Cardiovascular Diabetology 18 (2019): 96.
17. Parikh RR., et al. “Effects of Digoxin in Heart Failure (HF) With Reduced Ejection Fraction (EF)”. Cureus 3 (2022): e22778.
18. Tariq Ahmad., et al. “A Practical Guide for Cardiologists to the Pharmacological Treatment of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease”. European Cardiology Review 16 (2021): e11.
19. Tsukamoto S., et al. “Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes of combination therapy with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and network meta-analysis”. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 194 (2022): 110161.
20. Savi P., et al. “Clopidogrel: a review of its mechanism of action”. Platelets 3-4 (1998): 251-255.
21. Navale AM and Paranjape AN. “Glucose transporters: physiological and pathological roles”. Biophysics Review1 (2016): 5-9.
22. Milja Arponen., et al. “Glucose transporters GLUT1, GLUT3, and GLUT4 have different effects on osteoblast proliferation and metabolism”. Frontiers in Physiology 13 (2022).
23. Morales J and Handelsman Y. “Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes and Kidney Disease: JACC Review Topic of the Week”. Journal of the American College of Cardiology2 (2023): 161-170.
24. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee; 10. “Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022”. Diabetes Care 45 (2022): S144-S174.

Citation

Citation: Kaiser Jamil., et al. “Leveraging the Biochemical Basis of Heart Failures in Type2 Diabetics, Through a Few Case Studies and Review of Literature".Acta Scientific Biotechnology 4.6 (2023): 40-50.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2023 Kaiser Jamil., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.