Enhancement of Biogas Production using Pretreated Algal Biomass
1Sagar Koirala, 1Samman Shrestha, 1Pawan Khapung, 1Nawodit Kharel, 1Sagar Thapa* and 2Assistant professor Parash Mani Timilsina*
1Department of Biotechnology, Kantipur Valley College, Purbanchal University
2Department of Biotechnology, Kathmandu University, Nepal
*Corresponding Author: Parash Mani Timilsina, Department of Biotechnology, Kathmandu University, Nepal.
Received:
September 15, 2022; Published: November 11, 2022
Abstract
Increasing use of fossils fuel is becoming a challenge to ozone layer depletion, climate change and other environment related issues. Algal biomass on other hand is a problem in water bodies like river, pond. Human activities have accelerated the rate and extent of eutrophication through both point-source discharges and non-point loadings of limiting nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, into aquatic ecosystems which leads to more photosynthesis by algae and their population to increase as a result. So the problems created by algal biomass and use of fossils fuel can be solved at a time if we could algal biomass as alternative source of energy.
There are studies demonstrating use of algal biomass for biodiesel production but production of biogas from biomass is not studied in detail. So we conducted this study to check the efficacy of algal biomass in producing biogas. Moreover we did some algal biomass pretreatment and compared data with untreated and differently pretreated sample. For biogas production substrate (algal biomass) is preferred to have lower protein content (20-25%), higher carbohydrate (40-45%) and lipid content (40-50%) and higher C:N ratio(20:1 - 30:1) which were also the feature of our sample.
We found that sample treated with autoclave technique contain optimal carbohydrate, protein and lipid (42.30%, 14.85%, 37.5% resp.) hence total biogas is also found highest (617.47 ml/g VS). While the untreated sample contain least carbohydrate, protein and lipid (18.78%, 3.15% 15% resp.); Thus total biogas is also found least (374.48 ml/g VS).
The findings also suggest that autoclave is the best method to disrupt algal cell compared to other techniques. Moreover pretreated algal biomass seems to produce more biogas than the untreated one as pretreatment causes cell lysis releasing the intracellular biomolecules which are converted to methane during anaerobic digestion.
Keywords: Eutrophication; Point Source Discharge; Non Point Loading; Pretreatment; C: N Ratio; Cell Lysis; Intracellular Biomolecules
References
- G Esposito., et al. “Enhanced bio-methane production from co-digestion of different organic wastes”. Environmental Technology (United Kingdom)24 (2012): 2733-2740.
- M Fotuhi-Firuzabad., et al. “Upcoming Challenges of Future Electric Power Systems: Sustainability and Resiliency”. Scientia Iranica 23 (2016): 4.
- A Bruhn., et al. “Bioenergy potential of Ulva lactuca: biomass yield, methane production and combustion”. Bioresource Technology3 (2011): 2595-2604.
- CE de Farias Silva., et al. “Pretreatment of microalgal biomass to improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of carbohydrates by ultrasonication: Yield vs energy consumption”. Journal of King Saud University – Science 1 (2020).
- A Rozzi and E Remigi. “Methods of assessing microbial activity and inhibition under anaerobic conditions: a literature review”. Re/Views in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology2 (2004): 93-115.
- S R Medipally., et al. “Microalgae as Sustainable Renewable Energy Feedstock for Biofuel Production”. BioMed Research International (2015): 519513.
- F Passos., et al. “Pretreatment of microalgae to improve biogas production: a review”. Bioresource Technology 172 (2014): 403-412.
- M W Miller., et al. “A review of in vitro bioeffects of inertial ultrasonic cavitation from a mechanistic perspective.”. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 22.9 (1996): 1131-1154.
- T Karuppiah and V Ebenezer Azariah. “Biomass Pretreatment for Enhancement of Biogas Production”. (2021).
- R M Jingura and R Kamusoko. “Methods for determination of biomethane potential of feedstocks: A review”. Biofuel Research Journal2 (2017): 573-586.
- M M Maroneze., et al. “A tecnologia de remoção de fósforo: Gerenciamento do elemento em resíduos industriais”. Ambient. e Agua 9.3 (2014): 445-458.
- W J Bligh., et al. “Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology”. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology 8 (1959).
- T L Hansen., et al. “Method for determination of methane potentials of solid organic waste”. Waste Management 4 (2004): 393-400.
- N M N Yasin and S M Shalaby. “Quality Characteristics of Croissant Stuffed with Imitation Processed Cheese Containing Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris Biomass”. World Journal of Dairy and Food Sciences 1 (2013): 58-66.
- YM Yoon., et al. “Effects of substrate to inoculum ratio on the biochemical methane potential of piggery slaughterhouse wastes”. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences4 (2014): 600-607.
- E E Ziganshina., et al. “Assessment of Chlorella sorokiniana Growth in Anaerobic Digester Effluent”. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)3 (2021): 478.
- A Haryanto., et al. “Effect of hydraulic retention time on biogas production from cow dung in a semi continuous anaerobic digester”. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 2 (2018): 93-100.
- Y Chisti. “Biodiesel from microalgae.”. Biotechnology Advances3 (2007): 294-306.
- A M Illman., et al. “Increase in Chlorella strains calorific values when grown in low nitrogen medium”. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 8 (2000): 631-635.
- M DuBois., et al. “Colorimetric Method for Determination of Sugars and Related Substances”. Analytical Chemistry 3 (1956): 350-356.
- Y Wang., et al. “Improving carbohydrate production of Chlorella sorokiniana NIES-2168 through semi-continuous process coupled with mixotrophic cultivation”. Biotechnology Journal8 (2016): 1072-1081.
- E Barbarino and S O Lourenço. “An evaluation of methods for extraction and quantification of protein from marine macro- and microalgae”. Journal of Applied Phycology5 (2005): 447-460.
- C H Pham., et al. “Validation and Recommendation of Methods to Measure Biogas Production Potential of Animal Manure”. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences6 (2013): 864-873.
- F Chen and M R Johns. “Effect of C/N ratio and aeration on the fatty acid composition of heterotrophic Chlorella sorokiniana”. Journal of Applied Phycology3 (1991): 203-209.
- Y Hu., et al. “Effects of lipid concentration on thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and grease waste in a siphon-driven self-agitated anaerobic reactor”. Biotechnology Reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 19 (2018): e00269-e00269.
- N Kobayashi., et al. “Characterization of three Chlorella sorokiniana strains in anaerobic digested effluent from cattle manure”. Bioresource Technology 150 (2013): 377-386.
- A M A Mohamed., et al. “Integrated Biodiesel and Biogas Production from Chlorella sorokiniana : Towards a Sustainable Closed-Loop through Residual Waste Biodegradation Integrated Biodiesel and Biogas Production from Chlorella sorokiniana: Towards a Sustainable Closed-Loop throu”. 15 (2019).
- “VDI 4630: Fermentation of organic materials - Characterisation of the substrate, sampling, collection of material data, fermentation tests”. In: Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI), editor. VDI Handbuch Energietechnik. Berlin: Beuth Verlag GmbH; (2006): 44-59.
Citation
Copyright