Acta Scientific Biotechnology (ASBT)

Review Article Volume 1 Issue 1

Association of ACE Gene with Human Performance

Nayyer Naqvi1, Naureen Naeem1*, M Amjad Khan2, Ayesha Kanwal1 and Sana Shahbaz1

1Department of Biology, Lahore Garrison University, Pakistan
2Department of Chemistry, Lahore Garrison University, Pakistan

*Corresponding Author:Naureen Naeem, Department of Biology, Lahore Garrison University, Pakistan.

Received: December 09, 2019; Published: December 30, 2019

×

Abstract

  The ACE gene provides instructions for making the angiotensin-converting enzyme. The aim of this project is to check the association of ACE gene with human performance. The ACE gene encodes an enzyme involved in catalyzing the conversion of angiotensin I into a physiologically active peptide angiotensin II. Angiotensin II causes blood vessels to narrow (constrict), which results in increased blood pressure. This protein also increases the production of the hormone aldosterone levels, which triggers the absorption of water and salts by the kidneys. ACE is a zinc metalloenzyme. The zinc ion is essential to its activity, since it directly participates in the catalysis of the peptide hydrolysis. Therefore, ACE can be inhibied by metal-chelating agents.

Keywords: ACE Gene; Enzyme; Kidney

×

References

  1. Skeggs LT., et al. “The preparation and function of the hypertensin-converting enzyme”. The Journal of Experimental Medicine 103 (1956): 295-299.
  2. Abraham KL. “Histology and cell biology: an introduction to pathology”. Mosby Elsevier (2007).
  3. Fillardi P. ACEi and ARBS in Hypertension and Heart Failure. Volume 5. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing (2015): 10-13.
  4. Hemming ML and Selkoe DJ. “Amyloid beta-protein is degraded by cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and elevated by an ACE inhibitor”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 280 (2005): 37644-37654. 
  5. Wang W., et al. “Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 Metabolizes and Partially Inactivates Pyrapelin-13 and Apelin-17: Physiological Effects in the Cardiovascular System”. Hypertension 68 (2016): 365-377.
  6. Zhang C., et al. “Catalytic mechanism of angiotensin-converting enzyme and effects of the chloride ion”. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 117 (2013): 6635-6645.
  7. Morishita R., et al. “Evidence for direct local angiotensin in vascular hypertrophy: in vivo gene transfer of angiotensin converting enzyme”. Journal of Clinical Investigation 94 (1994): 978.
  8. Rigat B., et al. “An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin-1- converting enzyme gene accounting for half the variance of serum enzyme levels”. Journal of Clinical Investigation 86 (1990): 1343-1346.
  9. Boulpaep EL and Boron WF. “Integration of Salt and Water Balance. Medical Physiology: a Cellular and Molecular Approach”. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier Saunders (2005): 866-867.
  10. Coates D. “The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)”. The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology. Renin-Angiotensin Systems: State of the Art 35 (2003): 769-773.
  11. Zhang R., et al. “An assay for angiotensin-converting enzyme using capillary zone electrophoresis”. Analytical Biochemistry 280 (2000): 286-290.
  12. Imig JD. "ACE Inhibition and Bradykinin-Mediated Renal Vascular Responses: EDHF Involvement". Hypertension 43 (2004): 533-535.
  13. Jelakovic B., et al. “Influence of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism and circadian blood pressure (BP) changes on left ventricle (LV) mass in competitive oarsmen”. American Journal of Hypertension 13 (2000): 182A.
  14. Danser AHJ., et al. “Angiotensin converting enzyme in the human heart: effect of the deletion/ insertion polymorphism”. Circulation 92 (1995): 1387-1388.
  15. Myerson S., et al. “Human angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene and endurance performance”. Journal of Applied Physiology 87 (1999): 1313-1316.
  16. Gayagay G., et al. “Elite endurance athletes and the ACE I allele ± the role of genes in athletic performance”. Human Genetics 103 (1998): 48-50.
  17. Alvarez R., et al. “Genetic variation in the renin-angiotensin system and athletic performance”. European Journal of Applied Physiology 82 (2000): 117-120.
  18. Ohkubo H., et al. “Generation of transgenic mice with elevated blood pressure by introduction of the rat renin and angiotensinogen genes”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 87 (1990): 5153-5157.
  19. Krieger JE and Dzau VJ. “Molecular biology of hypertension”. Hypertension 18 (1991): I-3-I-17. 
  20. Menard J., et al. “Angiotensinogen: an attractive and underrated participant in hypertension and inflammation”. Hypertension 18 (1991): 705-706. 
  21. Walker WG., et al. “Relationship between blood pressure and renin, renin substrate, angiotensin II, aldosterone and urinary sodium and potassium in 574 ambulatory subjects”. Hypertension 1 (1979): 287-291.
  22. Watt GCM., et al. “Abnormalities of glucocorticoid metabolism and the renin-angiotensin system: a four corners approach to the identification of genetic determinants of blood pressure”. Journal of Hypertension 10 (1992): 473-482.
  23. Hata A., et al. “Angiotensinogen as a risk factor for essential hypertension in Japan”. Journal of Clinical Investigation 93 (1994): 1285-1287. 
  24. Bünning P and Riordan JF. “The functional role of zinc in angiotensin converting enzyme: implications for the enzyme mechanism”. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 24 (1985): 183-198.
  25. Bünning P. “The catalytic mechanism of angiotensin converting enzyme”. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension Part A, Theory and Practice 5 (1983): 1263-1275.
  26. Jeunemaitre X., et al. “Molecular basis of human hypertension: role of angiotensinogen”. Cell 71 (1992): 169-180.
  27. Karjalainen J., et al. “Angiotensinogen Gene M235T polymorphism predicts left ventricular hypertrophy in endurance athletes”. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 34 (1999): 494-499.
  28. Kimura S., et al. “High blood pressure in transgenic mice carrying the rat angiotensinogen gtne”. EMBOJ (1992): 821-827. 
  29. Montgomery HE., et al. “Human gene for physical performance”. Nature 393 (1998): 221-222.
  30. Pitt B. “Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with coronary atherosclerosis”. American Heart Journal 128 (1994): 1328- 1332.
  31. Rankinen T., et al. “No association between the angiotensin-converting enzyme ID polymorphism and elite endurance athlete status”. Journal of Applied Physiology 88 (2000): 1571-1575.
  32. Soubrier F. “Search for the genes of human essential hypertension”. Journal of Hypertension (1993): S20-S26.
  33. Taylor RR., et al. “Elite athletes and the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme”. Journal of Applied Physiology 87 (1999): 1035-1037.
  34. Woods D., et al. “Elite swimmers and the D allele of the ACE I/D polymorphism”. Human Genetics 108 (2001): 230-232.
  35. Fasola AF., et al. “Plasma renin activity during supine exercise in offspring of hypertensive parents”. Journal of Applied Physiology 25 (1968): 410-415.
×

Citation

Citation: Naureen Naeem., et al. “Association of ACE Gene with Human Performance".Acta Scientific Biotechnology 1.1 (2020): 11-14.




Metrics

Acceptance rate36%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days

Indexed In


News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is November 25, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"
  • Welcoming Article Submission
    Acta Scientific delightfully welcomes active researchers for submission of articles towards the upcoming issue of respective journals.

Contact US





e 'rightside1.php';?>