Assessment of Intention, Acceptance, and Hesitancy of COVID-19 Vaccination in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hassana B Yakasai¹*, Marufah D Lasisi², Emeka P Uwha³, Isaac S Chukwu⁴, Cassandra Akinde⁵, Mojirola M Fasiku⁶, Umma I Abdullah⁷, Matthew O Bojuwoye⁸, Michael O Izuka⁹, Ebere O Ugwu¹⁰, Dauda M Milgwe¹¹, Evonemo S Esievoadje¹², Kosisochukwu Udeogu¹³ and Hussaini Yakasai Munir¹⁴

¹ART Clinic, 461 Nigerian Air Force Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria
²Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria
³Department of Family Medicine, Imo State University Teaching Hospital, Orlu, Imo State, Nigeria
⁴Department of Surgery, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
⁵Henry Jackson Foundation Medical Research International, EIDB, Abuja, Nigeria
⁶Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
⁷Department of Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kudu, Jigawa State, Nigeria
⁸Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
⁹Department of Community Medicine, Federal medical centre Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
¹⁰Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
¹¹World Health Organization, Kaduna State Office, Nigeria
¹²Department of Family Medicine, Federal Medical Center, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria
¹³Department of Radiation and Clinical Oncology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria
¹⁴Department of Medicine, Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria

*Corresponding Author: Hassana B Yakasai, ART Clinic, 461 Nigerian Air Force Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria.

Received: February 15, 2024; Published: May 23, 2024

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic took a toll on nations and ravaged the economies of many countries, and Nigeria was not left out. An urgent need was to stem this tide by rolling out effective vaccines. The objectives of the research are to comprehensively assess COVID-19 vaccination intention, acceptance, and hesitancy in Nigeria by reviewing existing literature and conducting a meta-analysis, aiming to identify influencing factors, analyze regional disparities, and provide evidence-based recommendations for enhancing vaccination uptake. Through systematic synthesis and analysis, the research seeks to inform targeted interventions and policy decisions to address vaccine hesitancy and promote widespread COVID-19 immunization across diverse population groups in Nigeria.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 42 studies published in Nigeria on COVID-19 vaccine intention, acceptance and hesitancy was conducted in ten databases and Grey literature between 1st January 2020 and 15th March 2022 (PROSPERO CRD42021291092).

Findings: We found that the pooled vaccine intention rate was 48.0% (95% CI 40.2 - 55.8) with a heterogeneity index of 98.8% (p < 0.01). The pooled vaccine acceptance rate was 47.7% (95% CI 26.3 - 69.1) with a heterogeneity index of 98.3% (p < 0.01). Gender, young age, occupation, tribe, and religion were found to be associated with the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. The pooled vaccine hesitancy rate was 44.2% (95% CI 35.6 - 52.9) with a heterogeneity index of 98.5% (p < 0.01). Safety concerns, unreliability of clinical trials, doubt about the efficacy and effectiveness of the vaccine, disbelief in COVID-19 and mistrust in government and manufacturing companies were associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.

Interpretation: This review showed a low pooled COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and a high pooled vaccine intention and hesitancy in Nigeria while highlighting factors associated with vaccine acceptance and hesitancy. This study will direct future public health efforts in this regard.

Keywords: COVID-19 Vaccine; Intention; Acceptance; Hesitancy; Nigeria

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Citation

Citation: Hassana B Yakasai., et al. “Assessment of Intention, Acceptance, and Hesitancy of COVID-19 Vaccination in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis".Acta Scientific Women's Health 6.6 (2024): 11-24.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2024 Hassana B Yakasai., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.