G Sree Sai Jyothsna¹, K Gururaj², K Raj Kumar³ and P Vijaya Lakshmi⁴

¹PG Scholar, Dept of veterinary medicine, RIVER, Puducherry, India
²Senior Scientist, Division of Animal Health, ICAR – CIRG, Makhdoom, Uttar Pradesh, India
³Professor and Head, Teaching veterinary clinical complex (TVCC), RIVER, Puducherry, India
⁴Professor and Head, Department of Veterinary Medicine, RIVER, Puducherry, India

*Corresponding Author: G Sree Sai Jyothsna, PG Scholar, Dept of veterinary medicine, RIVER, Puducherry, India.

Received: March 17, 2025; Published: April 30, 2025

Abstract

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a significant cardiac disorder in dogs, often progressing to congestive heart failure (CHF) with high mortality rates. This study investigates the molecular regulation of cytokines and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling to understand the pathogenesis and progression of DCM. A total of 27 dogs, divided into Control, Stage II (Occult), and Stage III (Clinical) DCM groups, were evaluated for cytokine gene expression using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6 and TNF-α showed significant upregulation in Stage III dogs (p < 0.05), correlating with age and advancing disease. Conversely, anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL10 showed no significant differences, indicating reduced capacity to counteract inflammation. Fibrotic markers TIMP1 and TIMP2 exhibited non-significant differences across groups, suggesting diminished ECM remodeling in later stages. However, these markers were elevated in younger Stage II dogs, reflecting an early reparative response that diminishes over time. This study highlights the chronic upregulation of IL6 and TNF-α, contributing to oxidative stress, myocyte apoptosis, and myocardial remodeling, which exacerbates left ventricular dilation and contractility dysfunction. The findings emphasize the need for further exploration of cytokine signaling pathways and ECM remodeling as therapeutic targets. Improved understanding of these mechanisms can aid in early disease detection and the development of novel interventions to mitigate DCM progression and improve outcomes.

 Keywords: Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM); qRT-PCR; Cytokines; Extracellular Matrix Remodeling; IL6; TNF-α, TIMP1; TIMP2; Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

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Citation

Citation: G Sree Sai Jyothsna., et al. “Enhanced Transcriptional Response of Il 6 And TNF α in Occult and Clinical Stages of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Dogs" Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 7.5 (2025): 30-40.

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Copyright: © 2025 G Sree Sai Jyothsna., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.