Sanhokwe Marcia¹, Mupangwa John^1,2, and Washaya Soul^1,3*

¹Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, South Africa
²Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Namibia, Namibia
³Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Namibia, Namibia

*Corresponding Author: Washaya Soul, Department of Livestock, Wildlife and Fisheries, Gary Magadzire School of Agriculture Great Zimbabwe University, Zimbabwe.

Received: August 28, 2024; Published: October 30, 2024

Abstract

The objective of the study was to examine how solvent extracts derived from Aloe ferox and Acokanthera oppositifolia leaves influenced the repellency and acaricidal activity against adult engorged female Ambylomma hebraeum ticks. The researchers analyzed the acetone, methanol, and ethanol extracts of both plant species. The experiment followed a completely randomized design with a factor arrangement of 2 (plant species), 3 (organic solvent extraction methods: acetone, methanol, ethanol), and 3 (concentration levels: 15%, 30%, 50%). Distilled water and Dazzel dip (15% and 30%) were employed as negative and positive controls, respectively. Repellency was assessed over a six-hour period, while acaricidal activity was measured over seven days. The results of the study demonstrated that the solvent extracts of Aloe ferox and Acokanthera oppositifolia exhibited a repellent effect ranging from 6% to 89%. Acetone extracts, overall, displayed lower repellency activity compared to methanol and ethanol extracts, with percentages of 58%, 66.5%, and 80.5% for acetone, ethanol, and methanol, respectively. At a concentration of 15% for all solvents, the repellency effect was observed to be 14% for acetone, 9.5% for ethanol, and 11% for methanol. Irrespective of the solvent extraction method used, a higher repellency activity was observed at the 50% concentration level, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The acaricidal activity of Aloe ferox and Acokanthera oppositifolia significantly increased with the concentration of the extracts. It was concluded that Aloe ferox and Acokanthera oppositifolia plants possess repellent and acaricidal activities, particularly at a 50% concentration for acetone and methanol extracts, respectively. Additionally, Acokanthera oppositifolia demonstrated a higher repellency activity, while Aloe ferox exhibited stronger acaricidal activity.

Keywords: Ethno-Veterinary; Medicinal Plants; Herbal Remedies; Repellency; Ticks; Tick Resistance

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Citation

Citation: Washaya Soul., et al. “The evaluation of in vitro repellency and acaricidal efficacy of Aloe ferox and Acokanthera oppositifolia crude extracts against Amblyomma hebraeum ticks". Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 6.11 (2024): 53-60.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2024 Washaya Soul., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.