Virendra Singh Dhayal^3, Diksha Jha¹, Bilal Ur Rehman¹, Ayana Krishnan¹, Priyanka Bairwa¹, Alka Rao², Arun Kumar³ and Vijay Pal Singh¹*

¹Council of Scientific and Industrial Research- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, New Delhi, India
²CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
³Shri Jagdish Prasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India

*Corresponding Author: Vijay Pal Singh, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, New Delhi, India.p>

Received: July 08, 2024; Published: July 31, 2024

Abstract

This study investigates antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria causing mastitis in cattle, particularly focusing on the pathogens' resistance patterns to commonly used antibiotics for cattles in Rajasthan, India. As AMR poses a significant global health threat, the research underscores the urgent need for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) prior to antibiotic administration. The study identifies a troubling trend of indiscriminate antibiotic use due to their widespread availability without prescription, and a concerning lack of awareness among farmers about AMR. Addressing these issues, the study emphasizes educating farmers, promoting regular livestock vaccinations, and implementing AST in veterinary practices as critical steps toward reducing AMR. Detailed methodologies including milk sample collection, bacterial culturing, and AST via the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method are described. The findings reveal distinct resistance patterns in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus against multiple antibiotics, suggesting the necessity for alternative treatments post-AST. The study advocates for a One Health approach, integrating human, animal, and environmental health strategies to effectively manage and mitigate AMR, thereby enhancing the efficacy of antibiotic treatments and safeguarding public and animal health.

 Keywords: Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR); Antibiotic Susceptibility Test (AST); Mastitis; Antibiotics; One Health; Public Health; Environmental Health

References

1. “Antimicrobial Resistance”. World Health Organisation.
2. Antimicrobial Resistance; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
3. Maksimović, Zinka., et al. “Antimicrobial Resistance of Cattle Mastitis-Causing Bacteria: How to Treat?’ Recent Developments on Mastitis - Treatment and Control [Working Title]”. IntechOpen 19 (2023).
4. Manyi-Loh CE., et al. “Antibiotic Use in Agriculture and Its Consequential Resistance in Environmental Sources: Potential Public Health Implications”. Molecules 4 (2018): 795.
5. Islam KS., et al. “Antibiotic Usage Patterns in Selected Broiler Farms of Bangladesh and their Public Health Implications”. Journal of Public Health in Developing Countries3 (2016): 276-284.
6. Cheng W and Han SK. “Bovine mastitis: risk factors, therapeutic strategies, and alternative treatments-A review”. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 11 (2020): 1699-1713.
7. Haas LF. “Papyrus of Ebers and Smith”. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry5 (1999): 578.
8. Singh VK., et al. “Antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of milk samples from bovine clinical mastitis”. International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases (2016).
9. Sharma N., et al. “Bovine Mastitis: An Asian Perspective”. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 6 (2012): 454-476.
10. Sachi S., et al. “Antibiotic residues in milk: Past, present, and future”. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research 3 (2019): 315.
11. Mutua F., et al. “A review of animal health and drug use practices in India, and their possible link to antimicrobial resistance”. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control1 (2020).
12. Aslam B., et al. “Antibiotic resistance: a rundown of a global crisis. Infection and Drug Resistance 11 (2018): 1645-1658.
13. WHO 2023. 2021 AWaRe classification: WHO access, watch, reserve, classification of antibiotics for evaluation and monitoring of use. World Health Organization (2021).
14. Dhayal VS., et al. “Accessing the behavior and awareness of veterinary professionals towards antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in Indian district”. Frontiers in Veterinary Science (2024): 11.
15. Nassar M., et al. “Evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility test results: how guilty a laboratory could be?” The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association1 (2019).
16. Llor C and Bjerrum L. “Antimicrobial resistance: risk associated with antibiotic overuse and initiatives to reduce the problem”. Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety 6 (2014): 229-241.
17. Caneschi A, Bardhi A, Barbarossa A, Zaghini A. The Use of Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine, a Complex Phenomenon: A Narrative Review”. Antibiotics (Basel) 3 (2023): 487.
18. Dhayal VS, Krishnan A, Rehman BU, Singh VP. Understanding Knowledge and Attitude of Farmers towards Antibiotic Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in Jhunjhunu District, Rajasthan India”. Antibiotics (Basel)12 (2023): 1718.
19. Dhayal VS., et al. “Accessing the behavior and awareness of veterinary professionals towards antimicrobials use and antimicrobial resistance in Indian district”. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 11 (2024): 1342089.
20. Woolhouse Mark., et al. “Antimicrobial resistance in humans, livestock and the wider environment Phil”. Transactions of the Royal Society A (2015): B37020140083.

Citation

Citation: Vijay Pal Singh., et al. “Prudent use of Antibiotics in Animal Health Sector to Mitigate Antimicrobial Resistance: Case Series". Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 6.8 (2024): 76-88.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2024 Vijay Pal Singh., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.