Ayana K¹*, Preethy John³, Sanis Juliet¹, Sujith S¹ and Sindhu OK²

¹Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, India
²Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, India
³Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, India

*Corresponding Author: Ayana K, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, India.

Received: June 24, 2024; Published: July 17, 2024

Abstract

Cancer stands as the foremost contributor to mortality globally and poses a substantial impediment to increasing life expectancy across all regions. Despite being the focus of multimodal treatments, cancer remains the primary cause of death worldwide. The undesirable repercussions linked with traditional therapies, along with the emergence of resistance to them, necessitate exploration into alternative therapeutic options. Hence, this current investigation was initiated to assess the in-vitro antineoplastic potential of Aristolochia indica and Psidium guajava leaves in the MCF-7 cell line and to compare the effects with those of doxorubicin.

The leaves of A. indica and P. guajava were collected, cleaned, shade dried, extracted using methanol with Soxhlet apparatus and concentrated using a rotary vacuum evaporator. The concentrated extract was then fractionated based on the ascending polarity of solvents such as hexane (HF), dichloromethane (CF), n-butanol (BF), and water (WF), before being preserved for future use. The phytochemical constituents of methanolic extract of the plants were analyzed qualitatively.

The cytotoxicity potential of methanolic extract and other fractions were assessed using MTT assay at the doses of 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 µg/mL from which per cent cell viability, per cent inhibition and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) were calculated and the fraction showing lowest IC₅₀ from both plants were selected for further studies. Doxorubicin was used as a positive control. Following the determination of the IC₅₀ concentration for the most potent fraction, apoptotic changes were examined using dual acridine orange (AO)-ethidium bromide (EB) staining. The effect of the most potent fraction on the expression of Bcl-2 and GPER genes were studied using real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as house-keeping gene. The phytochemical constituents of the most potent fraction were analyzed qualitatively and with Gas Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.

 Keywords: Antineoplastic; Aristolochia Indica; Psidium Guajava; MTT Assay; GC-MS; FTIR

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Citation

Citation: Ayana K., et al. “In-Vitro Antineoplastic Potential of Aristolochia indica and Psidium guajava Leaves in MCF-7 Cell Line". Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 6.8 (2024): 47-60.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2024 Ayana K., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.