Isayas Asefa Kebede¹* and Gelan Dule Dahesa²

¹School of Veterinary Medicine, Ambo University, Guder, Ethiopia
²School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia

*Corresponding Author: Isayas Asefa Kebede, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ambo University, Guder, Ethiopia.

Received: February 09, 2024Published: February 29, 2024

Abstract

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 virus). Potentially favorable conditions for the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 are viral genetic variation and mutation, interactions of viral spike with ACE2 and other possible cell receptors, group living, and habits. SARS-CoV-2, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is suspected to have been first contracted via animal-human interactions; it has further spread across the world by efficient human-to-human transmission. Coronaviruses have been identified in numerous mammalian and avian hosts. Domestic animals such as poultry, domestic dogs, cats, cattle, and equine, and also wild animals like pigs, wild primates, bats, rabbits, and bushy-tailed woodrats. Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a well-known cause of enteric disease in cattle, notably causing illnesses such as "winter dysentery" while in equids, equine coronavirus has been associated with diarrhea in foals and lethargy, fever, anorexia, and occasional gastrointestinal signs in adult horses. However, Domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) were found by several studies to be resistant or only marginally susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In contrast, Bats have been identified as the natural reservoir of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like SARS coronaviruses (SLCoV and SCoV). The health impacts of SARS-CoV-2 could be more serious in wild gorillas as they are subject to co-infections and physiological stressors that are absent in captive animals under veterinary care. Natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in rabbits with a low as no instance of natural infection of SARS-CoV-2 has been documented in wildwood rats. Using experimental research, field studies, surveillance, genomics, and modeling as tools for predicting outbreaks and epidemics should help provide the knowledge base and resources necessary to prevent future pandemics.

Keywords: COVID-19; Domestic Animal; Future; Past; Present; Wild Animals

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Citation

Citation: Isayas Asefa Kebede and Gelan Dule Dahesa. “Insight into Past, Present, and Future Perspectives on COVID-19 in Animals".Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 6.3 (2024): 143-152.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2024 Isayas Asefa Kebede and Gelan Dule Dahesa. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.