Rathod Akash¹ and Dhok Atul²*

¹Department of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
²Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Nutrition, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

*Corresponding Author: Dhok Atul, Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Nutrition, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

Received: October 09, 2023 Published: November 20, 2023

Abstract

The Fluorine, is most unstable and reactive non-metal, invariably becomes stable “fluoride” when combines with electropositive metal. Fluoride toxicity in domestic and wild animal is primarily caused by hydrogen fluoride gas, fluorosilicic acid, sodium silicofluoride, and sodium fluoride. Fluoride is more toxic than lead and slightly less toxic than arsenic. The fluoride toxicity can be acute, sub-acute and chronic form, which is based on level of intake and chemical form of fluoride. Drinking water, fluoride compounds used in domestic and agricultural applications, fodder and grasses contaminated with industrial fluoride emissions or volcanic ash are also sources of high fluoride intake for animals, and, on rare occasions, poor quality mineral mixtures and feed supplements may be source of toxicity. Fluorosis in grazing animals may also be caused by soluble fluoride-rich soil, particularly when growing vegetation is sparse. Acute fluoride poisoning in animal resulted into restlessness, stiffness, anorexia, hypersalivation, nausea, vomiting, urine and faecal incontinence, reduced milk production, convulsions, weakness, severe depression, pulmonary congestion, and respiratory and heart failure and it’s all are clinical indications of acute fluoride toxicity in domestic animals. Tolerance of fluoride in animals depend upon species, age, and sex; individual resistance; fluoride uptake dose, duration, and consistency; and dietary, nutritional, and environmental factors. Public awareness must be enhanced, especially in rural areas, on the possible mitigating, ameliorative, and preventive techniques for fluorosis in livestock.

Keywords: Fluorides; Livestock; Toxicity

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Citation

Citation: Rathod Akash and Dhok Atul. “Fluoride Toxicity in Animals-A Concern". Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 5.12 (2023): 73-79.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2023 Rathod Akash and Dhok Atul. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.