Biruk Akalu*

Harari Regional Agricultural Bureau, Livestock Development and Fishery Directorate, Harar, Ethiopia

*Corresponding Author: Biruk Akalu, Harari Regional Agricultural Bureau, Livestock Development and Fishery Directorate, Harar, Ethiopia.

Received: August 02, 2023 Published: November 11, 2023

Abstract

A longitudinal prospective observational study on calf diarrhea and mortality in dairy farms in Harar was carried out from February to July 2017 with the objective of determining the incidence of calf diarrhea and mortality; examining potential risk factors related to calf diarrhea and mortality; identification of Escherichia coli and Salmonella associated with calf diarrhea and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. A total of 130 calves, from 30 dairy farms in Harar were included in the study. Each calf was regularly monitored for the presence of diarrhea up to an age of six months. Information on risk factors were collected during the regular visit to farms and from questionnaire survey conducted during the study. Fecal samples were also collected from diarrheic calves for the detection of E. coli and Salmonella. The overall incidence risk of calf diarrhea and mortality were 29.39% and 9.69%, respectively. Among the risk factors examined, age of calf (OD = 0.06, P = 0.026), parity of the dam (OD = 3.39, P = 0.043), barn ventilation status (OD = 0.30, P = 0.048) and barn drainage status (OD = 2.95, P = 0.049) were found significantly associated with the incidence of calf diarrhea. Age of the first colostrum ingestion was the only factor that was found significantly associated with risk of calf mortality due to diarrhea. E. coli (47.22%) and Salmonella (16.67%) were detected from diarrheic calves. Relatively E coli were found to be susceptible for chloramphenicol and gentamycin but developed resistance against ampicillin and tetracycline whereas Salmonella was found to be susceptible for chloramphenicol and developed resistance against three drugs; gentamycin, erythromycin and amoxicillin. The result clearly showed that calf diarrhea and mortality rates found in this study was much high and could affect the productivity of the dairy farms by decreasing the availability of replacement stock. It is therefore, awareness creation and implementation of improved calf management practices and strategic use of antimicrobial drug in the study area would significantly reduce calf diarrhea and mortality.

Keywords: Calves; Diarrhea; Mortality; Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test

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Citation

Citation: Hazem karem Shafiek., et al. “Establishment of Diagnostic Imaging Protocol for Detection of Tissues Changes Related to Lips Stretching as a Popular Cheating Cosmetic Procedure in Dromedary Camels".Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 5.12 (2023): 31-40.

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Copyright: © 2023 Hazem karem Shafiek., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.