SM Gaikwad*, K Rao, SU Gulavane, RJ Chaudhari, S Rahangdale, A Borkar and A Nimaria

Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Mumbai Veterinary College Maharashtra Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Nagpur, India

*Corresponding Author:SM Gaikwad, Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Mumbai Veterinary College Maharashtra Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Nagpur, India.

Received: June 29, 2023; Published: July 22, 2023

Abstract

The present study was aimed to determine the effect of addition of antioxidants to semen extender on Labrador dog semen preserved at 4˚C. The semen was evaluated for volume, colour and concentration, and extended with tris-egg yolk-citric acid containing Spirulina at 10 μg/ml (SP), Coenzyme Q-10 at 0.5 (CO) μMol/ml, a combination extender with 10 μg/ml Spirulina and 0.5 μMol/ml Coenzyme Q-10 (SC) and no antioxidant (CON). The extended semen was evaluated for acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial activity and lipid peroxidation assay at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours. It was observed that, up to 24 hours there was no significant difference between the antioxidants’ and control groups. However, at 48 and 72 hours, the addition of antioxidants showed better spermiogram compared to control group, and the combination of antioxidants showed better results when compared to individual antioxidants at 48 and 72 hours.

Keywords:Canine; Spermatozoa; Labrador Retriever; Spirulina; Coenzyme Q-10; Diaminobenzidine; Silver Nitrate; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Acrosome; Mitochondrial Activity; Lipid Peroxidation

References

1. Linde-Forsberg C. “Achieving Canine Pregnancy by Using Frozen or Chilled Extended Semen”. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 21 (1991): 467-485.
2. Rota A., et al. “Effects of seminal plasma and three extenders on canine semen stored at 4 °C”. Theriogenology 44 (1995): 885-900.
3. de Lamirande E., et al. “Reactive oxygen species and sperm physiology”. Reviews of Reproduction 2 (1997): 48-54.
4. Aitken RJ. “Reactive oxygen species as mediators of sperm capacitation and pathological damage”. Molecular Reproduction and Development 84 (2017): 1039-1052.
5. Farstad W. “Cryopreservation of Canine Semen - New Challenges”. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 44 (2009): 336-341.
6. Martins-Bessa., et al. “Incorporation of taurine and hypotaurine did not improve the efficiency of the Uppsala Equex II extender for dog semen freezing”. Theriogenology8 (2007): 1088-1096.
7. Michael AJ., et al. “Effect of antioxidant supplementation on semen quality and reactive oxygen species of frozen-thawed canine spermatozoa”. Theriogenology 68 (2007): 204-212.
8. Michael AJ., et al. “Effect of antioxidant supplementation in semen extenders on semen quality and reactive oxygen species of chilled canine spermatozoa”. Animal Reproduction Science 112 (2009): 119-135.
9. Monteiro J., et al. “Influence of Ascorbic Acid and Glutathione Antioxidants on Frozen-Thawed Canine Semen”. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 44 (2009): 359-362.
10. Ogata K., et al. “Glutathione supplementation to semen extender improves the quality of frozen-thawed canine spermatozoa for transcervical insemination”. Journal of Reproduction and Development 61 (2015): 116-122.
11. Andersen AH., et al. “Effect of reduced glutathione (GSH) supplementation to Tris-egg yolk extender on chilled semen variables of dogs”. Animal Reproduction Science 198 (2018): 145-153.
12. Del Prete C., et al. “Effect of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase supplementation in the extender on chilled semen of fertile and hypofertile dogs”. Journal of Veterinary Science (2018): 667-675.
13. Dalmazzo A., et al. “Insights into soy lecithin and egg yolk-based extenders for chilling canine spermatozoa”. Zygote 27 (2018): 17-24.
14. Kaur S., et al. “Assessment and comparison of four lab made tris-base extenders for preservation of Labrador retriever dog semen at 4^oC”. Indian Journal of Biotechnology 19 (2020): 131-139.
15. Khye K., et al. “Quality of chilled canine semen in tris-egg yolk extender supplemented with sericin”. JurnalKedokteranHewan - Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Sciences 15 (2021).
16. Martínez-Barbitta M and Rivera Salinas C. “Evaluation of chilled dog semen extended with sperm activator”. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 8 (2022): 764750.
17. Abd El Baky H., et al. “Enhancement of antioxidant production in Spirulina platensis under oxidative stress”. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 31 (2009): 623-631.
18. Badr M., et al. “Spirulina platensis extract addition to semen extender enhances cryotolerance and fertilizing potentials of buffalo bull spermatozoa”. Animal Reproduction2 (2021): e20200520.
19. Mizera A., et al. “Impact of the Spirulina maxima extract addition to semen extender on bovine sperm quality”. Italian Journal of Animal Science 18 (2019): 601-607.
20. Granaci V. “Achievements in the artificial insemination of swine”. Bulletin USAMV-CN (2007): 63-64.
21. Nah WH., et al. “Effect of Spirulina maxima on spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic male rats”. Food Chemistry 134 (2012): 173-179.
22. Fouda S and Ismail R. “Effect of spirulina platensis on reproductive performance of rabbit bucks”. Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds 20 (2017): 55-66.
23. El-Ratel I. “Potential impact of spirulina alga as an antioxidant on improving semen production and oxidative stress in blood and seminal plasma of rabbit bucks”. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal 1 (2020): 209-224.
24. Lewin A and Lavon H. “The effect of coenzyme Q10 on sperm motility and function”. Molecular Aspects of Medicine18 (1997): S213-S219.
25. Littarru GP and Tiano L. “Clinical aspects of coenzyme Q10: An update”. Nutrition 26 (2010): 250-254.
26. Turunen M., et al. “Metabolism and function of coenzyme Q”. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1660 (2004): 171-199.
27. Balercia G., et al. “Coenzyme Q10 treatment in infertile men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia: a placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized trial. Fertility and Sterility 91 (2009): 1785-1792.
28. Wafa MW., et al. “Effect of Different Antioxidant Sources Added to Buffalo Semen Extender During Cryopreservation on Freezability and Fertility of Buffalo Spermatozoa”. Journal of Animal Health and Production (2021): 9.
29. Yousefian Iman., et al. “The Effect of Coenzyme Q10 and α-Tocopherol in Skim Milk-Based Extender for Preservation of Caspian Stallion Semen in Cool Condition”. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science (2014): 34.
30. Rossi M., et al. “Role of coenzyme Q and vitamin E on stallion semen motility evaluated both in frozen and cooled-stored semen”. Italian Journal of Animal Science 15 (2016): 595-603.
31. Lançoni R., et al. “Coenzyme Q-10 improves preservation of mitochondrial functionality and actin structure of cryopreserved stallion sperm”. Animal Reproduction 18 (2021): e20200218.
32. Yousefian I., et al. “Attenuation of cryopreservation-induced oxidative stress by antioxidant: Impact of Coenzyme Q10 on the quality of post-thawed buck spermatozoa”. Cryobiology 81 (2018): 88-93.
33. Wang Y., et al. “Coenzyme Q10 improves the quality of sheep sperm stored at room temperature by mitigating oxidative stress”. Animal Science Journal 93 (2022): e13708.
34. Nath A., et al. “Coenzyme Q10 and soyphosphatidylcholine in EK extender on preservation of Rhode Island Red poultry semen”. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research 2 (2015): 134.
35. El-Sayed AI., et al. “The capability of coenzyme Q10 to enhance heat tolerance in male rabbits: evidence from improved semen quality factor (SQF), testicular oxidative defense, and expression of testicular melatonin receptor MT1”. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 74 (2021): 106403.
36. Hrudka F. “Cytochemical and ultracytochemical demonstration of cytochrome c oxidase in spermatozoa and dynamics of its changes accompanying ageing or induced by stress”. Int J Androl 10 (1987): 809-828.
37. Buege JA and Aust SD. “Microsomal Lipid Peroxidation”. Methods in Enzymology 52 (1978): 302-310.
38. Blumer CG., et al. “Effect of varicocele on sperm function and semen oxidative stress”. BJU International 109 (2012): 259-265.

Citation

Citation: SM Gaikwad., et al. “Effect of Spirulina and Coenzyme Q-10 Addition to Extenders on Canine Spermiogram".Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 5.8 (2023): 51-59.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2023 SM Gaikwad., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.