Acta Scientific Agriculture (ASAG)(ISSN: 2581-365X)

Research Article Volume 5 Issue 5

Effect of Sewage Sludge Amendment on Non-enzymatic Antioxidants in Vetiver Plants (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash.)

Dhanya G*, Vinod Gopal V and Radhamany PM

Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

*Corresponding Author: Dhanya G, Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Received: April 03, 2023; Published: April 19, 2023

Abstract

The study was conducted to evaluate the influence of sewage sludge application on the activity of non-enzymatic antioxidants in vetiver grass such as proline, ascorbic acid, total phenol and total free amino acids. Vetiver plants were grown in poly-ethylene U-V stabilized grow bags (24 X 24 X 40) for a period of three months (90 days), where the soil was treated with different sewage sludge concentrations (0, 25, 50,75 and 100%). After the experimental period, plants were harvested and analysed. The result showed activity of proline, ascorbic acid and total free amino acids was high in roots compared to that of leaves in the experimental plants, while the total phenol content was high in leaves than that in the roots. It was also noted that with an increase in the concentration of sewage sludge application, activity of all the selected antioxidants was also increased significantly (p < 0.05). Increased antioxidant activity in plants may be due to various environmental stresses to prevent damages due to ROS formation. Sewage sludge is a mixture of toxic compounds including PCBs, flame retardants, heavy metals, nano-materials, hormones, dangerous pathogens etc., which may induce the antioxidant defence system in vetiver plants to protect them from oxidation due to the generation of ROS. Therefore, the induction of non-enzymatic antioxidants in the present study is considered to be an important protective mechanism to minimize oxidative damage in vetiver plants grown in sewage sludge polluted environment. The study pointed out that the vetiver plants growing in sludge amended area have potentially developed the defence strategy to combat against toxicity induced stress. Therefore, the highly tolerant vetiver plants (Vetiveria zizanioides, L. Nash) may be used for phytoremediation purposes.

Keywords: Antioxidant; Phytoremediation; Sewage Sludge; Vetiver

References

  1. Central Pollution Control Board. National Inventory of Sewage Treatment Plants. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change: India (2021).
  2. Mihai F C. “Rural plastic emissions into the largest mountain lake of the Eastern Carpathians”. Royal Society Open Science5 (2018): 172396.
  3. de Melo W J., et al. “Chemical properties and enzyme activity in a sewage sludge-treated soil”. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis9-10 (2002): 1643-1659.
  4. Merrington G., et al. “The influence of sewage sludge properties on sludge-borne metal availability”. Advances in Environmental Research1 (2003): 21-36.
  5. Andriamananjara A., et al. “Drivers of plant-availability of phosphorus from thermally conditioned sewage sludge as assessed by isotopic labelling”. Frontiers in Nutrition3 (2016): 19.
  6. Fijalkowski K., et al. “The presence of contaminations in sewage sludge–The current situation”. Journal of Environmental Management203 (2017): 1126-1136.
  7. Azam F., et al. “Utilization of Sewage Sludge for Enhancing Agricultural Productivity”. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 2 (1999): 370-377.
  8. Singh R P and Agrawal M. “Effect of different sewage sludge applications on growth and yield of Vigna radiata L. field crop: Metal uptake by plant”. Ecological Engineering7 (2010): 969-972.
  9. Wilden R., et al. “Element budgets of two afforested mine sites after application of fertilizer and organic residues”. Ecological Engineering2-3 (2001): 253-273.
  10. Lavado RS. “Effects of sewage-sludge application on soils and sunflower yield: quality and toxic element accumulation”. Journal of Plant Nutrition6 (2006): 975-984.
  11. Renner R. “NRC committee evaluating sewage sludge health risks” (2001).
  12. Bhattacharjee P., et al. “Sewage sludge to biofuel: Emerging technologies for a sustainable environment”. Development in Waste Water Treatment Research and Processes (2012): 63-89.
  13. Wang W., et al. “Plant responses to drought, salinity and extreme temperatures: towards genetic engineering for stress tolerance”. Planta 218 (2003): 1-14.
  14. Swapna T S. “A comparative study of heavy metal accumulation and antioxidant responses in Jatropha curcas L”. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology7 (2014): 2319-2402.
  15. Hasanuzzaman M., et al. “Plant response and tolerance to abiotic oxidative stress: antioxidant defense is a key factor”. Crop stress and its management: perspectives and strategies (2012): 261-315.
  16. Theroux Fr., et al. “Laboratory manual for chemical and bacterial analysis of water and sewage”. 3rd. edn. McGraw-Hill Inc (2001).
  17. Sadasivam S and Manickam A. “Biochemical Methods for Agricultural Sciences”. New Age International (P) Ltd., New Delhi (1996): 1-97
  18. Gupta P K. “Soil, plant, water and fertilizer analysis”. Agro Botanica Publishers and Distributors, Bikaner, India (1999):
  19. Parmer P., et al. “Structural and functional alterations in photosynthetic apparatus of plants under cadmium stress". Botany Studies 54 (2013): 45-50.
  20. Gallego S M., et al. “Effect of heavy metal ion excess on sunflower leaves: evidence for involvement of oxidative stress”. Plant Science2 (1996): 151-159.
  21. Sinha S., et al. “Chromium induced lipid peroxidation in the plants of Pistia stratiotes L.: role of antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes”. Chemosphere5 (2005): 595-604.
  22. Singh V P., et al. “Hydrogen sulfide alleviates toxic effects of arsenate in pea seedlings through up-regulation of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle: possible involvement of nitric oxide”. Journal of Plant Physiology181 (2015): 20-29.
  23. Saitta M., et al. “Gas chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric identification of phenolic compounds in Sicilian olive oils”. Analytica Chimica Acta 466 (2002): 335–344.
  24. Ghori NH., et al. “Heavy metal stress and responses in plants”. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 16 (2019): 1807–1828.
  25. Das K and Roychoudhury A. “Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and response of antioxidants as ROS-scavengers during environmental stress in plants”. Frontiers in Environmental Sciences 2 (2014): 00053.
  26. Gupta A., et al. “Microbes as potential tool for remediation of heavy metals: a review”. Journal of Microbial and Biochemical Technology4 (2016): 364-372.
  27. Szpunar-Krok E., et al. “Physiological and biochemical properties of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in response to ozone-induced oxidative stress”. Agronomy 11 (2020): 1745.
  28. Janczak-Pieni M., et al. “Effect of Heavy Metal Stress on Phenolic Compounds Accumulation in Winter Wheat Plants”. Molecules 1 (2022): 241-255.
  29. Okunev RV. “Free Amino Acid Accumulation in Soil and Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Associated with Arsenic Stress”. Water Air and Soil Pollution230 (2019):
  30. Zhu G., et al. “Effects of cadmium stress on growth and amino acid metabolism in two Compositae plants”. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety158 (2018): 300-308.
  31. Ishtiyaq S., et al. “Heavy Metal Toxicity and Antioxidative Response in Plants: An Overview”. In: Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Fujita, M. (eds) Plants Under Metal and Metalloid Stress. Springer, Singapore (2018).
  32. Dutta S., et al. “Oxidative stress and sperm function: A systematic review on evaluation and management”. Arab Journal of Urology2 (2019): 87-97.
  33. Skórzyńska-Polit E., et al. “The activity and localization of lipoxygenases in Arabidopsis thaliana under cadmium and copper stresses”. Plant Growth Regulation 48 (2006): 29-39.
  34. Swapna KS., et al. “Structural changes in response to bioaccumulation of iron and mercury in Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robins”. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment9 (2015).

Citation

Citation: Dhanya G., et al. “Effect of Sewage Sludge Amendment on Non-enzymatic Antioxidants in Vetiver Plants (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash.)". Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 5.5 (2023): 33-39.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2023 Dhanya G., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate35%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days
Impact Factor1.008

Indexed In





News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is July 30, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"
  • Welcoming Article Submission
    Acta Scientific delightfully welcomes active researchers for submission of articles towards the upcoming issue of respective journals.

Contact US