Shohreh Alian Samakkhah¹, Mohammad Asadi Iraee²*, Mohsen Peysokhan², Ali Zareh², Yasaman Daneshvar³, Amirhossein Entezari⁴, Shabnam Aminoleslami Oskoui⁴, Helia Aziziha⁴, Alireza Farkhakfar⁴ and Mohadeseh Ghazalcheh Khamsiyan⁵

¹Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies (AUSMT), Ahvaz, Iran
²Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
³Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
⁴Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
⁵Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran

*Corresponding Author:Mohammad Asadi Iraee, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

Received: October 17, 2022; Published: October 20, 2022

Abstract

Skin is an organ of living beings afflicted with various disorders such as atopic disease. Atopic disease results from an excess of immunoglobulin E produced due to excessive exposure to non-harmful environmental allergens that affect the skin of various organs, including the ear, leading to external otitis. During this case-control study, 50 dogs referred to clinics in Mazandaran province in Iran with symptoms of atopic otitis were the case group, and 50 dogs with healthy ears were considered the control group. The diagnosis was derived from the clinical findings of the case group, which included itchy skin, redness in the pubic and abdominal area, and ear swelling. The results indicated that 66% of dogs with atopic otitis were in the chronic stage of the disease. Furthermore, there is 4.63 times greater odds of wax secretions in cases of atopic otitis. Additionally, in the case of atopic otitis, the odds of odorous secretions is 5.1 times greater than that of odorless secretions. Lastly, most dogs with this condition had significantly dark ear secretions. Atopic otitis, therefore, is characterized by waxy, odorous and dark secretions in the ears of animals. In general, identifying the causative agent for this disease in dogs is extremely important and can prevent the application of costly and blind treatments. We conducted the first epidemiological study in Iran of external otitis associated with atopy in dogs. These results support a better understanding of the disease.

Keywords: Ear; Atopy; Dog; Otitis; Iran

References

1. Menon Gopinathan K. "New insights into skin structure: scratching the surface”. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 54 (2002): S3-S17.
2. Penman I D., et al. "Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine E-Book”. Elsevier Health Sciences (2022).
3. Qi Shanshan., et al. "Microarray data analysis to identify differentially expressed genes and biological pathways associated with asthma”. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine3 (2018): 1613-1620.
4. Maciel-Guerra Helena., et al. "Suppression of wheal and flare in histamine test by the main H1 antihistamines commercialized in Brazil”. Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologia 93 (2018): 233-237.
5. Ka D., et al. "Association between passive smoking and atopic dermatitis in dogs”. Food and Chemical Toxicology 66 (2014): 329-333.
6. Wipperman Jennifer. "Otitis externa”. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice1 (2014): 1-9.
7. Schaefer Paul and Reginald F Baugh. "Acute otitis externa: an update”. American Family Physician11 (2012): 1055-1061.
8. Griffin Craig E. "Otitis externa and otitis media”. Current Veterinary Dermatology 245 (1993).
9. Paterson S. "A review of 200 cases of otitis externa in the dog”. Veterinary Dermatology 14 (2002): 249.
10. Rosser Edmund J. "Causes of otitis externa”. Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice2 (2004): 459-468.
11. Paterson S and W Matyskiewicz. "A study to evaluate the primary causes associated with Pseudomonas otitis in 60 dogs”. Journal of Small Animal Practice4 (2018): 238-242.
12. Topală R O X A N A., et al. "Epidemiological studies of otitis externa at carnivores”. Lucrări Ştiinłifice Medicină Veterinară 40 (2007): 247-251.
13. Lakshmi K and DS Tirumala Rao. "Clinico-microbiological and therapeutic studies on canine otitis externa”. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences3 (2013).
14. Angus John C., et al. "Breed variations in histopathologic features of chronic severe otitis externa in dogs: 80 cases (1995–2001)”. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association7 (2002): 1000-1006.
15. Pugh K E., et al. "Otitis externa in the dog and cat—an evaluation of a new treatment”. Journal of Small Animal Practice6 (1974): 387-400.
16. Jeong, Keun-Yeong, et al. "Juvenile obesity aggravates disease severity in a rat model of atopic dermatitis”. Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research1 (2015): 69-75.
17. Dip Richard G. “Otitis externa: an essential guide to diagnosis and treatment”. CRC Press, (2014).
18. White Patricia D. "Medical management of chronic otitis in dogs”. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian8 (1999): 716-+.
19. Saridomichelakis Manolis N., et al. "Aetiology of canine otitis externa: a retrospective study of 100 cases”. Veterinary Dermatology5 (2007): 341-347.
20. Roditi Rachel E and Jennifer J Shin. "The influence of age on the relationship between allergic rhinitis and otitis media”. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports12 (2018): 1-9.
21. Williamson S., et al. "Atopic dermatitis in the elderly: a review of clinical and pathophysiological hallmarks”. British Journal of Dermatology1 (2020): 47-54.
22. Rinnerthaler Mark., et al. "Skin aging, gene expression and calcium”. Experimental Gerontology 68 (2015): 59-65.
23. Zouboulis Christos C., et al. "Human skin stem cells and the ageing process”. Experimental Gerontology11 (2008): 986-997.
24. Quan Taihao and Gary J Fisher. "Role of age-associated alterations of the dermal extracellular matrix microenvironment in human skin aging: a mini-review”. Gerontology5 (2015): 427-434.
25. Herrmann I., et al. "Gender aspects in allergies of pets–A secondary publication and update”. World Allergy Organization Journal1 (2017): 1-5.
26. Zur G., et al. "The association between the signalment, common causes of canine otitis externa and pathogens”. Journal of Small Animal Practice5 (2011): 254-258.
27. Lecru, Line-Alice., et al. "Multiplex Cytokine Analyses in Ear Canals of Dogs Suggest Involvement of IL-8 Chemokine in Atopic Otitis and Otodectic Mange—Preliminary Results”. Animals 5 (2022): 575.

Citation

Citation: Mohammad Asadi Iraee., et al. “External Otitis Associated with Atopy Disease in Dogs: A Case-Control Study". Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 4.11 (2022): 155-161.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Mohammad Asadi Iraee., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.