The Effect of Artificial Photoperiod and Water Temperature Program on the Reproductive
Performance, Hormonal Profile and Maturation Stages of Male Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)
Mohamed F Badran1*, Mohamed A El-Danasoury2, Safaa M Sharaf2 and Ahmed M Hassan3
1Aquatic Hatchery Production Department, Fish Farming and Technology Institute, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
2Department of Animal Production and Fish Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
3Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
*Corresponding Author:Mohamed F Badran, Aquatic Hatchery Production
Department, Fish Farming and Technology Institute, Suez Canal University,
Ismailia, Egypt.
Received:
August 02, 2022; Published: October 15, 2022
Abstract
The Gilthead Sea bream (Sparus aurata) is an important commercial species in the Egyptian coasts of Mediterranean Sea and the most relevant marine species in Mediterranean aquaculture. Water temperature and photoperiod are the most important factors driving sexual maturation in fish. This study investigates the effect of artificial photoperiod and water temperature programs on reproductive performance, gonadal maturation and the hormonal profile of male gilthead sea bream. 102 Gilthead Sea bream (males) which used in the present study were collected from Manzala Lake in Damietta governorate and Suez Canal Company for Fish Farming and Aquaculture at Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. This study shows the possibility of Gilthead Sea bream induced maturation in captivity by exposing to a program of water temperature (from 21.5 - 18°C) and artificial photoperiod for 4 months to complete the maturation and spawning. The results showed that biological measurements, sex hormone levels and histological sections estimate the maturation stages. The highest value of the male gonadal weight and GSI and the peak levels of FSH, LH, Total and Free Testosterone in males at T2 at TP4. It could be concluded that exposure to artificial photoperiod and water temperature programs can be used to control the spawning season of gilthead sea bream to start before or after the normal season of spawning. Also, it could be possible to induce maturation in captivity when the water temperature is at 18 and 19 °C through the artificial photoperiod and water temperature programs to reach the final gonadal maturation and release sperm.
Keywords: Gilthead Sea Bream; Gonadal Maturation; Testis, Water Temperature; Artificial Photoperiod; Sparus aurata
References
- World ocean review. “The Future of Fish - The Fisheries of the Future” (2013).
- “Manual on Hatchery Production of Sea bass and Sea bream”. Roma 1 (1999): 15-20.
- “General Authority for Fish Resources Development”. Fish Statistics Yearbook. Ministry of Agriculture and land Reclamation Publications, Egypt (2019).
- Khalil MT and Sheltout K. “Lake Bardawil and Zaranik Protected Area”. Egypt, State Ministry of Environment, Publication of Biodiversity Unit (2006).
- Mehanna SF. “Lake Bardawil fisheries: current status and future sight”. Journal of the Egyptian-German Society of Zoology D (2006): 91-105.
- Salem M., et al. “Population dynamics of, sea bream, Sparus aurata from Badawil lagoon, Norh Saini, Egypt”. Journal of the Egyptian Academy of Environmental Development 1 (2008): 1110-8770.
- Froese R and Pauly D. “Fish StocksIn: Encyclopedia of biodiversity”. 3rd by Levin, S. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2013): 477-487.
- García-Celdrán M., et al. “Estimates of heritabilities and genetic correlations of skeletal deformities and uninflated swimbladder in a reared gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juvenile population sourced from three broodstocks along the Spanish coasts”. Aquaculture 464 (2016): 601-608.
- Abecasis D., et al. “Ageing Sea breams: A comparative study between scales and otoliths”. Fisheries Research 89 (2008): 37-48.
- Moretti A., et al. “Manual on Hatchery Production of Sea bass and Gilthead Sea bream. Vol. 1. FAO. Rome (1999): 194.
- Lloris D. “A world overview of species of interest to fisheries”. Chapter: Sparus aurata. FIGIS Species Fact Sheets. Species Identification and Data Programme-SIDP, FAOFIGIS (2005): 2384.
- Yousefian M and Mousavi SE. “The mechanism of reproduction and hormonal function in finfish species: A review”. Scientific Research and Essays17 (2011): 3561-3570.
- Mylonas C and Zohar Y. “Use GnRH-delivery systems for the control of reproduction in fish”. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 10 (2001): 463-449.
- Munro AD., et al. “Reproductive Seasonality in Teleosts: Environmental Influences”. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (1990): 254.
- Yaron Z. “Endocrine control of gametogenesis and spawning induction in the carp”. Aquaculture 129 (1995): 49-73.
- Zohar Y and Mylonas “Endocrine manipulations of spawning in cultured fish: from hormones to genes”. Aquaculture 197 (2001): 99-136.
- Lin HR and Peter RE. “Induction of gonadotropin secretion and ovulation in teleosts using LHRH analogous and catecholaminergic drugs: a review”. In: L. Maclean, L.B. Dizon and L.V. Hosillos, editors. The First Asian Fisheries Forum. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines (1986): 667-670.
- Peter RE., et al. “Interactions of catecholamines and GnRH in regulation of gonadotropin secretion in teleost fish”. Recent Progress in Hormone Research 42 (1986): 513-548.
- Mylonas CC., et al. “Broodstock management and hormonal manipulations of fish reproduction”. General and Comparative Endocrinology 165 (2010): 516-534.
- Fostier A and Jalabert B. “Physiological basis of practical means to induce ovulation in fish”. In: J.J. Richter, H.J.Th. Goos, compilers. Proceedings of the International Symposium of Reproductive Physiology of Fish. Wagenigen, The Netherlands, Pudoc, Wagenigen (1982): 164-173.
- Goetz FW. “Hormonal control of oocyte final maturation and ovulation in fishes”. In: S. Hoar DJ., et al. “Fish Physiology, vol. IXB, Academic Press, New York (1983): 117-170.
- Nagahama Y. “The functional morphology of teleost gonads. In: W.S. Hoar, D.J. Randall, E.M. Donaldson, editors”. Fish Physiology IXA. Academic Press, New York (1983): 223-275.
- Wassef E. “Biological and physiological studies on marine and acclimatized fish Chrysophrys auratus. PhD Thesis”. Faculty of Science Cairo university (1978): 225.
- Mehanna SF. “A preliminary assessment and management of gilthead bream Sparus aurata in the Port Said fishery, the southeastern Mediterranean, Egypt”. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 7 (2007): 123-130.
- Popovic NT., et al. “Tricaine methane‐sulfonate (MS‐222) application in fish anaesthesia”. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 28 (2012).
- Hastings WH and Dickie LM. “Feed formulation and evaluation”. J.E. Halver. Fish Nutrition Academic Press, Inc 327 (1972): 374.
- Albertine-Berhaut J. “Biologie des stades juveniles detéleostéens Mugilidae Mugil auratus Risso 1810, Mugil capito Cuvier 1829 et Mugil saliens Risso 1810: I. Régime alimentaire”. Aquaculture 2 (1973): 251-266.
- Rinchard J., et al. “Seasonal changes in plasma levels of steroid hormones in an asynchronous fish the gudgeon Gobio gobio (Teleostei, Cyprinidae)”. General and Comparative Endocrinology 92 (1993): 168-178.
- Clark G. “Staining procedures, Biological stain commission”. 4th, Biological stain commission by Williams and Wilkins, USA., pages (1981): 512.
- Ratcliffe NA. “Practical illustrated histology reader in zoology”. Department of Zoology, University College of Swansea, Macmillan press Ltd (1982).
- Thulasitha WS and Sivashanthini K. “Microscopic Staging System used in the Identification of Gonads Development Stages of Scomberoides lysan”. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science2 (2013): 355-366.
- Duncan DB. “Multiple range and multiple F tests”. Biometrics 11 (1995): 1-42.
- Dytham C. “Choosing and using statistics: a biologist's guide Blackwell Science Ltd, London, UK (1999).
- Huet HL. “Traité de Pisciculture”. Ch. de Wyngaert Ed., 4th édition (1970): 718.
- Lam TJ and Munro AD. “Environmental control of reproduction in teleosts: an overview”. In: R. Idler, L.W. Crim, and J.M. Walsh, editors. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Reproductive Physiology of Fish. MSRL Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland. St. John's Newfoundland, Canada (1987): 279-288.
- Tsoumani M., et al. “Length-weight relationships of an invasive cyprinid fish (Carassius gibelio) from 12 Greek lakes in relation to their trophic states”. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 22 (2006): 281-284.
- Britton JR and Davies GD. “First UK recording in the wild of the bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis”. Journal of Fish Biology 70 (2007): 1280-1282.
- Angelescu V., et al. “La merluza del mar argentino (biologíay taxonomía)”. Servicio De Hidrografia Naval H (1958): 1004.
- Chaoui L., et al. “Growth and Reproduction of the Gilthead Sea bream Spaurs aurata in Mellah lagoon (North- easternAlgeria)”. Science 70 (2006): 545-552.
- Oudjane F., et al. “Study Biometrique and Length-Weight Relationships in Sea-Bream Sparus aurata (Sparidae) of the Two Gulfs, Skikda and Annaba (Northern is Algeria)”. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research4 (2017): 378-381.
- Vazzoler ADMm and Vazzoler G. “Relation between condition factor and sexual development in Sardinella aurita (Cuv. and Val. 1847)”. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 37 (1965): 353-359.
- Parween S., et al. “On the breeding periodicity of Esomus danricus (Hamilton)”. University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University 12 (1993): 31-34.
- Franz L and Manfred K. “The effect of water temperature on gamete maturation and gamete quality in the European grayling (Thymalus thymallus) based on experimental data and on data from wild populations”. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 38 (2012): 455-467.
- Li GL., et al. “Effects of temperature and fish oil supplementation on ovarian development and foxl2 mRNA expression in spotted scat Scatophagus argus”. Journal of Fish Biology 86 (2015): 248-260.
- Badran MF. “Studies on Reproduction of Marine Fish. Master thesis”. Faculty of Agriculture - Suez Canal University (2015): 27-48.
- bShafiei Sabet S., et al. “Relation between gonadal hormones and sexual maturity of female kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum Kamenskii, 1901) during spawning season”. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 2 (2010): 96-104.
- Muncaster S., et al. “Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Implants Induce Spawning in Female Yellowtail Kingfish Seriola lalandi”. World Aquaculture. U.S. Aquaculture Society (2013).
- Miwa S., et al. “Localization of two gonadotropin receptors in the salmon gonad by in vitro ligand autoradiography”. Biology of Reproduction 50 (1994): 629-642.
- Mylonas CC., et al. “Plasma gonadotropin II, sex steroids, and thyroid hormones in wild striped bass (Morone saxatilis) during spermiation and final oocyte maturation”. General and Comparative Endocrinology 108 (1997): 223-236.
- Gomez JM., et al. “Growth hormone (GH) and gonadotropin subunit gene expression and pituitary and plasma changes during spermatogenesis and oogenesis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)”. General and Comparative Endocrinology 113 (1999): 413-428.
- Mateos J., et al. “Molecular characterization of sea bass gonadotropin subunits (a, FSHb, and LHb) and their expression during the reproductive cycle”. General and Comparative Endocrinology 133 (2003): 216-232.
- Schulz RW and Miura T. “Spermatogenesis and its endocrine regulation”. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 26 (2002): 43-56.
- Gazola R and Borella MI. “Plasma testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone levels of male pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Cypriniformes, Characidae)”. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 30 (1997): 1485-1487.
- Shinkafi BA., et al. “Gonad maturation stages of Auchenoglanis occidentalis (Valenciennes 1840) in River Rima, North-WesternNigeria”. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences3 (2011): 236-246.
- Moretti A., et al. “FAO, Vol 2. Manual on Hatchery Production of Sea bass and Sea bream”. Roma (2005).
Citation
Copyright
<>