Rangasai Chandra Goli*, Marthala Bhuvaneswar Reddy, Nare Swathi and Madhineni Kavitha

Department of PhD Scholar, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India

*Corresponding Author: Rangasai Chandra Goli, Department of PhD Scholar, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India.

Received: June 01, 2022; Published: July 29, 2022

Abstract

Heavy metals by their definition can be defined as those metals having an atomic number greater than 20 and an atomic density more than 5 g cm^-3 and must exhibit the properties of metal. Heavy metal contamination of feeds and fodder imposes a great problem for livestock health, which is transmitted to the human body through the food chain by accumulating in milk, meat and egg products. Both natural (volcanic eruptions, forest fires) and anthropogenic (mining, burning of fossil fuels, automobiles exhaust, tobacco smoke) sources are responsible for the emission of arsenic into the atmosphere. The atmospheric arsenic will reach the earth’s surface through air currents and rainfall which gets accumulated in the soil. The soil concentration of arsenic and cadmium ranges from 0.2 to 40 ppm and 0.1 to 0.5 ppm respectively [19]. Cultivation of fodder crops by excess application of fertilizers (Eg: phosphorus major source of Cd), pesticides (arsenal fungicides) act as a secondary source for contamination of animal feedstuffs and ingredients.

Through the contaminated feedstuffs, water and polluted air heavy metals can enter into the animal body systems resulting in severe health hazards in livestock species. Chronic exposure of livestock to heavy metal pollutants causes mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, immunosuppression, poor body condition and impaired reproduction.

Keywords: Heavy Metal; Arsenic; Food Chain; Cadmium; Teratogen; Mutagen

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Citation

Citation: Rangasai Chandra Goli., et al. “Heavy Metal Toxicity (Cd and As), their Possible Source of Contamination in Food Chain, Toxicokinetic and Ameliorative Measures; A Review". Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 4.8 (2022): 205-212.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Rangasai Chandra Goli., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.