Izuka Francis Chibuike*

Department of Zoology, Nnamdi Azikiwe university, Nigeria

*Corresponding Author: Izuka Francis Chibuike, Department of Zoology, Nnamdi Azikiwe university, Nigeria.

Received: May 04, 2022; Published: June 02, 2022

Abstract

Malaria is one of the most severe global public health problems worldwide, particularly in Africa, where Nigeria has the greatest number of malaria cases. Malaria, Zika virus, Filariasis and Yellow fever are diseases vectored by mosquitoes; these diseases cause high morbidity and mortality in human. The preliminary study on the ecology and diversity of mosquito species in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Hostels was undertaken between 1^st November and 15^th November. Larva stages of mosquitoes were sampled from gutters, used discarded tyres, plastic containers, clean ground water pools and dirty ground water pools using ladles, sieves and bowels. Indoor biting and resting mosquitoes were collected using pyrethrum knockdown collection method. 609 mosquitoes comprising of 406 larva and 203 adult mosquito species were collected. 6 mosquito species namely Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles funestus, Aedes aegypti, Aedes africanus, Aedes albopictus, Culex quiquefasciatus were identified. Anopheles gambiae 89 (43.80%) having the highest abundance, Culex quiquefasciatus 39 (19.20%), Aedes aegypti 27 (13.30%), Aedes africanus 18 (8.90%), Anopheles funestus 18 (8.90%) and Aedes albopictus 12 (5.90%) respectively. Two sampling methods dipping and pipetting was used for sampling the mosquito species. Dipping method having the greatest catch of (75.25) and pipetting method of (26.25). The pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen were recorded from the different sampling sites. In male hostel, the pH, temperature and dissolved was 7.30, 27.30 0C, 3.76 respectively and in the female hostel the pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen was 7.16, 28.00 0C and 2.43 respectively. Shannon Weiner diversity index of mosquito species in the male and female hostels was -1.38 and -1.60, respectively while Simpson index was 0.34 and 0.23, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in the results gotten. The result of this study was analyzed with SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics was used to present the data for the abundance of mosquito in the habitat. Student t test was used to compare the catch success of the different sampling methods. Shannon Weiner diversity index was used to analyze the diversity of the mosquito while Simpson index was used for species dominance. Most of the challenges posed by mosquito-borne diseases consist not only in their cosmopolitan nature and ability to survive in air, aquatic and terrestrial habitats, their ability to breed in any collection of standing water such as wheelbarrows, cesspits, flower vests and drainage systems make such a prolific source of mosquito production. It is recommended that reduction in vector population could be achieved by eliminating all possible breeding sites. The students should also be advised to use personal protective measures to avoid mosquito bites. Finally, the state ministry of environment should continuously prevent epidemic by daily surveillance and monitoring for mosquito population.

Keywords: Ecology; Diversity; Mosquito Species

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Citation

Citation: Izuka Francis Chibuike. “Preliminary Study on the Ecology and Diversity of Mosquito Species in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Hostels, Awka, Anambra State". Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 4.7 (2022): 11-16.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Izuka Francis Chibuike. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.