Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences (ISSN: 2582-3183)

Research Article Volume 4 Issue 5

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Salmonella from Fish Harvested from Haramaya Lake, Eastern Ethiopia

Daniel Fikre, Sufiyan Musa Abdulahi*, Muhammad Hamid and Jabir Ame Abdula

Department of Veterinary Public Health, Haramaya University, Ethiopia

*Corresponding Author: Sufiyan Musa Abdulahi, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Haramaya University, Ethiopia.

Received: February 16, 2022; Published: April 08, 2022

Abstract

The present study was conducted from January 2021 to August 2021 to identify Salmonella and assess the hygienic handling practices along fish market chain from Batu town to eastern part of Ethiopia. A total of 406 different sample sources were randomly sampled and included in the study and examined for salmonella. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used to analyses data. The sample obtained were cultured on XLD agar and those samples found positive by XLD agar were further tested by biochemical tests for confirmation. The finding of the study revealed that, among total 310 examined samples, 45 (14.5%) were positive for Salmonella which comprises; 5 (16%), 7 (22.58%), 5 (16%), 13 (41.9%) and 2 (6.45%) of Gill, GIT, Oral, Surface and filleted fish samples respectively, showing statistically significant variation in the prevalence of Salmonella among sample sources; filleted fish (OR = 8.75; CI = 1-76; p value = 0.049). In addition, 45 were positive for Salmonella from which; 31 (17%) and 13 (10.48%) were obtained from Lake and Haramaya town respectively, having statistically significant (p-value < 0.05) variation in the occurrence of Salmonella along fish value chain (OR = 2.29; 95% CI = 1.1-4.7; p-value = 0.024). In-vitro antimicrobial resistance profile of 45 Salmonella isolates were subjected to the seven antimicrobial drug disks. All of the Salmonella isolated were resistant to Amoxicillin (97.8%), Vancomycin (93.3%), Ampicillin (100%), Tetracycline (93.3%) followed by Erythromycin (53.3%), Chloramphenicol (46.7%). However the susceptibility profile of Gentamycin were 100% followed by 17.8% of, Chloramphenicol and 4.4% Erythromycin Whereas, Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, Vancomycin Amoxicillin Kanamycin, Vancomycin and Ampicillin were intermediate susceptible by 42.2%, 35.6%, 6.7%, 6.7%, and 2.2% respectively. All of the 45 resistant Salmonella isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). Salmonella is normally not affect fish but it use as vehicle to transit its life cycle by loaded into the surface and other organ of fish which is causing infection in human through cross contamination during handling and eating of improperly cooked fish (like asa- lebleb). However the community was not awareness this aggravate people for infection. Besides, the knowledge, attitude and practices of fish handlers were founded to be poor. Thus, urgent intervention program is essential to minimize the risk associated with consumption of fish contaminated with Salmonella and prudent use of antimicrobials is recommended.

Keywords: Aquaculture; Drug Resistance; Fish; Lake Haramaya; Salmonell

References

  1. Emikpe BO., et al. “Bacterial load on skin and stomach of claiasis garirpinus and Oreocchromis niloticus from Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria”. Journal of Applied Science Research7 (2011): 1047-1051.
  2. Hossain MM., et al. “Assessment of post-harvest loss of wet fish: a novel approach based on sensory indicator assessment”. SAARC Journal of Agriculture 13 (2015): 75-89.
  3. Tacon AG and Metian M. “Fish matters importance of aquatic food in human nutrition”. Reviews in Fisheries Science1 (2013).
  4. Lokuruka MN. “Scombrotoxicosis in African fisheries its implicationsforinternationafishtrade: an overview”. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 7 (2009): 1617-1634.
  5. Brook L. “Report on the Value Chain Assessment of the Fishery Sector in Ethiopia”. Food and Agriculture Organization Sub-Regional Office for Eastern Africa Addis Ababa (2012): 131.
  6. Bujjamma PP. “Incidence of Salmonella species in fish and shellfish of Guntur domestic fish market, Andhra Pradesh, India”. International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review 5 (2015): 177-185.
  7. Bezuayehu G and Fikadu H. “Microbial Quality of Traditionally Dried Fish Products from Selected part of Ethiopia”. Environmental Microbiology 7 (2021): 1-5.
  8. Elsaidy N., et al. “Impact of using raw or fermented manure as fish feed on microbial quality of water and fish”. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research (2015): 41.
  9. Zhao C., et al. “Quantifying effects of hydrological and water quality disturbances on fish with food web modeling”. Journal of Hydrology 560 (2018): 1-10.
  10. Mhango M., et al. “Incidence of indicator organisms, opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria in fish”. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 10 (2010).
  11. Bediang VI., et al. “Assessment of the Microbiological Quality of Fresh Fish at the Fishery Harbour of Lomé in Togo”. International Journal of Advanced Research09 (2020): 123-129.
  12. Raufu IA., et al. “Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Salmonella serovars from fish in Maiduguri, sub- Saharah, Nigeria”. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 1 (2014): 59-635.
  13. Nayarit-ballesteros N. “Perfil de resistencia an antibióticos de serotipos de Salmonella aislados de carne de res moldier end la Ciudad de México”. Salud Publica de Mexico 58.3 (2016): 371-377.
  14. Lin L., et al. “RNA-seq-based analysis of drug-resistant Salmonella enteric serovar Typhimurium selected in vivo and in vitro”. PLoS One (2017): 1-14.
  15. Kabahenda MK., et al. “Protein and Micronutrient composition of Low-Value Fish products commonly marketed in the Lake Victoria Region”. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 5 (2011): 521-526.
  16. Popoff MY and Le Minor L. “Salmonella. In: Brenner, D.J., Kreig, N.R. and Staley, J.T., editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology”. 2nd Springer, New York, USA (2005): 764-799.
  17. Awuor WS., et al. “Charaterisation of Salmonella Isolated from Nile Tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) along Lake Victoria Beaches in Western Kenya”. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 5 (2011): 08-28.
  18. Amare D and Endalew M. “Fishing Condition and Fishers Income”. International Journal of Aquaculture and Fishery Science 4 (2018): 6-9.
  19. Pui CF., et al. “Salmonella: A foodborne pathogen”. International Food Research Journal 1 (2011): 465-473.
  20. Li-Oon C., et al. “Antibiotic Application and Emergence of Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) in Global Catfish Aquaculture”. Food Health and The Environment2 (2016): 118-127.
  21. Cabello FC. “Heavy use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture: a growing problem for human and animal health and for the environment”. Environmental Microbiology 7 (2006): 1137-1144.
  22. Done HY., et al. “Does the recent growth of aquaculture create antibiotic resistance threats different from those associated with land animal production in agriculture”. The AAPS Journal, Arlington3 (2015): 513-524.
  23. Zewdu E and Cornelius P. “Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella serotypes isolated from food items and workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia”. Tropical Animal Health and Production 41 (2009): 241-249.
  24. Threlfall EJ., et al. “A comparison of antimicrobial susceptibilities in nontyphoidal Salmonellas from humans and food animals in England and Wales in 2000”. Microbial Drug Resistance 9 (2000): 183-189.
  25. Gizachew G. “Occurrence, Associated Risk Factors and Drug Resistance Profiles of Salmonella Isolated From among Fish value chain, Northwest Ethiopia”. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research 7 (2021): 1-9.
  26. Hiko A., et al. “Helminthiasis and Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria in Freshwater Fish from Selected Lakes of Haramaya District, Ethiopia”. Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal 2 (2018): 242.
  27. Awuor WS., et al. “Characterisation of Salmonella Isolated from Nile Tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) along Lake Victoria Beaches in Western Kenya”. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 5 (2011): 08-28.
  28. Kibrom A., et al. “Analysis of surface area fluctuation of the Haramaya Lake using remote sencing”. Momana Ethiopian Journal of Science1 (2019): 140-151.
  29. Elias D. “Reproductive biology and feeding habits of the catfish Clarias gariepinus Burchell (Pisces: Clariidae) in Lake Awassa, Ethiopia”. SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science 23 (2000): 231-246.
  30. Fawole MO and Oso BA. “Laboratory manual of microbiology: Revised edition”. Ibadan: Spectrum books Ltd (2001):
  31. “Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; twenty second informational supplements”. CLIS document. M100-S22WaynePA (2015).
  32. Zhang J., et al. “Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance of non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars in retail aquaculture products”. International Journal of Food Microbiology 210 (2015): 47-52.
  33. Nguyen D., et al. “Prevalence, Antibiotic Resistance and extended sectrum and Ampc Beta lactamase productivity of Salmonella isolates from raw meat and seafood samples in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam”. International Journal of Food Microbiology 70 (2016): 1159-1164.
  34. Elhadi N. “Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella In raw retail frozen imported freshwater fish to Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, Hainan Medical University”. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 4.3 (2014): 234-238.
  35. Teka W., et al. “Microbiological quality of frozen raw and undercooked Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) fillets and food safety practices of fish handlers in Arba Minch town, SNNPR, Ethiopia”. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health 3 (2017): 55-62.
  36. Issue J. “Occurrence of Salmonella in Freshwater Fishes: A Review”. Journal of Animal and Plant Science 3 (2015): 303-310.
  37. John AA., et al. “Antibiotic sensitivity patterns of microbial isolates from fishponds: A study in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana”. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 28 (2017): 314-320.
  38. Angkititrakul S., et al. “Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolated from pork, chicken meat and human in Thailand”. The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 6 (2011): 1510-1515.
  39. Little CL., et al. “Campylobacter and Salmonella in raw red meats in the United Kingdom: prevalence, characterization and antimicrobial resistance pattern”. Food Microbiology 3 (2008): 538-543.
  40. Romero J., et al. “Antibiotics in aquaculture: Use, abuse and alternatives”. In: Carvalho E, editor. Health and environment in aquaculture. In Tech Publisher. Santiago (2012).
  41. Olgunoğlu İA. “Salmonella in Fish and Fishery Products”. BSM. Salmonella-A Dangerous Foodborne Pathogen: InfoTech (2012).

Citation

Citation: Sufiyan Musa Abdulahi., et al. “Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Salmonella from Fish Harvested from Haramaya Lake, Eastern Ethiopia".Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 4.5 (2022): 04-13.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Sufiyan Musa Abdulahi., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate35%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days
Impact Factor1.008

Indexed In





News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is December 25, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"

Contact US