Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences (ISSN: 2582-3183)

Review Article Volume 4 Issue 2

Mitigation Strategies for Cold Stress for Enhancing Livestock Productivity in Temperate Areas of Himachal Pradesh

Anjali Somal1*, Geetanjali Singh1, Parul Shukla2 and Mukesh Kumar Thakur3

1Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Himachal Pradesh, India
2Veterinary Anatomy, DGCN COVAS, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
3Animal Husbandry Department, Himachal Pradesh, India

*Corresponding Author: Anjali Somal, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Received: December 23, 2021; Published: January 31, 2022

Abstract

Himachal Pradesh is a North-western hill state of India having four major agro-climatic zones with different climatic conditions. The animals reared in different zones experience cold stress when the temperature is below the thermo neutral zone. Climate change studies highlight the increasing temperature and unpredictable weather conditions around the globe. The cold- stress is likely to become more common in the future, in the present scenario of climate change. Across the globe, incidents of intense cold waves vary from region to region. Over India, the cold wave is observed during winter season spanning from December-February. The aim of this review is to give a general outlook of the different climatic factors, their effect on animals as well as adaptation and mitigation strategies for the domestic animals reared in Himachal Pradesh.

Keywords: Cold Stress; Temperate Areas; Himachal Pradesh; Mitigation Strategies

References

  1. Kumar Ravinder., et al. “Impact of climate change on cattle Production and mitigation strategies in Himachal Pradesh”. Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, DGCN COVAS CSKHPKV, Palampur (2012).
  2. Kapri A and Raj S. “Role of Extension Services in Adaptation to Climate Change in Himachal Pradesh”. Discussion Paper 12, MANAGE- Centre for Agricultural Extension Innovations, Reforms and Agripreneurship, National Institute for Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE), Hyderabad, India (2020).
  3. Hafez Elsayed Saad Eldin. "Adaptation of domestic animals”. Adaptation of domestic animals. (1968).
  4. McDowell and Robert E. "Improvement of livestock production in warm climates”. Improvement of Livestock production in warm climates (1972).
  5. Folk G Edgar. "Textbook of environmental physiology” (1974).
  6. Yousef MK. “Stress physiology in livestock”. Volume I. Basic principles. CRC Press (1985).
  7. Nardone Alessandro., et al. “Effects of climate changes on animal production and sustainability of livestock systems”. Livestock Science1-3 (2010): 57-69.
  8. Moons Christel Palmyre Henri., et al. “Importance of outdoor shelter for cattle in temperate climates”. Livestock Science 159 (2014): 87-101.
  9. Villalba Juan J. “Animal Welfare in Extensive Production Systems”. 5m Books Ltd, 2016.
  10. National Webinar on Cold Wave Risk Reduction (2021).
  11. Wagner Donald G. "Effects of cold stress on cattle performance and management factors to reduce cold stress and improve performance”. The Bovine Practitioner (1988): 88-93.
  12. Tucker Cassandra B., et al. “Effects of shelter and body condition on the behaviour and physiology of dairy cattle in winter”. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 105.1-3 (2007): 1-13.
  13. Hahn GL., et al. “Perspective on development of thermal indices for animal studies and management”. EAAP Technical Services 7 (2003): 31-44.
  14. Mader Terry L., et al. “A comprehensive index for assessing environmental stress in animals”. Journal of Animal Science6 (2010): 2153-2165.
  15. Sejian Veerasamy., et al. “Physiological rhythmicity in Malpura ewes to adapt to cold stress in a semi-arid tropical environment”. Biological Rhythm Research2 (2018): 215-225.
  16. Banerjee Dipak., et al. “Seasonal variations in physio-biochemical profiles of Indian goats in the paradigm of hot and cold climate”. Biological Rhythm Research2 (2015): 221-236.
  17. Upadhyay RC and MVN Rao. "Haematological and biochemical constituents of blood in goats upto the one-year age”. Indian Journal of Dairy Science (1985).
  18. Abdelatif Abdalla M., et al. “Seasonal variation in erythrocytic and leukocytic indices and serum proteins of female Nubian goats”. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 3 (2009): 168-174.
  19. Berian Sindhu., et al. “Effect of Cold Stress on Milk Yield, Physiological and Hemato-biochemical Profile of Cross Bred Dairy Cattle”. Journal of Animal Research2 (2019): 335-338.
  20. Coloma-García Wellington., et al. “Effects of Cold Exposure on Some Physiological, Productive, and Metabolic Variables in Lactating Dairy Goats”. Animals 12 (2020): 2383.
  21. Webster AJF. “Adaptation to cold. In: Robertshaw D, editor. Environmental physiology. Physiology series I. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press (1974): 7.
  22. Slee J. "Physiological responses and adaptations of sheep”. Stress Physiology in Livestock. Volume II. Ungulates (1985): 111-127.
  23. Campanile G., et al. “Metabolic profile in ltalian Mediterranean Buffaloes”. Proc. Fourth World Buffalo Congress, Sao Paolo, Brazil (1994).
  24. Bhimte A., et al. “Endocrine changes in livestock during heat and cold stress”. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 4 (2018): 127-132.
  25. Young BA. "Ruminant cold stress: Effect on production”. Journal of Animal Science6 (1983): 1601-1607.
  26. Brouček J., et al. “Estimation of cold stress effect on dairy cows”. International Journal of Biometeorology1 (1991): 29-32.
  27. Tucker H., et al. “Effects of ambient temperature and relative humidity on serum prolactin and growth hormone in heifers”. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine3 (1976): 623-626.
  28. GL Mader., et al. “Perspective on development of thermal indices for animal studies and management”. EAAP Technical Service 7 (2003): 31-44.
  29. Hart IC. "Effect of 2-bromo-α-ergocryptine on milk yield and the level of prolactin and growth hormone in the blood of the goat at milking”. Journal of Endocrinology1 (1973): 179-180.
  30. Mohanarao G., et al. “HSP70 family genes and HSP27 expression in response to heat and cold stress in vitro in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of goat (Capra hircus)”. Small Ruminant Research2-3 (2014): 94-99.
  31. Banerjee Dipak., et al. “Seasonal variation in expression pattern of genes under HSP70”. Cell Stress and Chaperones3 (2014): 401-408.
  32. Yamashita Michiaki Kazunori Hirayoshi and Kazuhiro Nagata. "Characterization of multiple members of the HSP70 family in platy fish culture cells: molecular evolution of stress protein HSP70 in vertebrates”. Gene2 (2004): 207-218.
  33. Hightower Lawrence E., et al. “Heat shock responses of closely related species of tropical and desert fish”. American Zoologist6 (1999): 877-888.
  34. Holmes CW., et al. “Effects of winter weather on the growth rate and heat production of dairy cattle”. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research4 (1978): 549-556.
  35. Grandin Temple. "Principles for low stress cattle handling” (1999).
  36. Rai Chandan Kumar., et al. “Climate change: Impact on dairy animals vis-à-vis adaptation strategies followed by dairy farmers”. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry2 (2018): 2842-2846.
  37. Manzoor A., et al. “Mitigating winter vagaries in dairy animals: A review”. International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry1 (2019): 01-05.
  38. Gaughan JB and Terry L Mader. "Effects of sodium chloride and fat supplementation on finishing steers exposed to hot and cold conditions”. Journal of Animal Science2 (2009): 612-621.
  39. Lallo, Cicero HO, et al. "The impact of climate change on small ruminant performance in Caribbean communities”. Environmental Sustainability and Climate Change Adaptation Strategies. IGI Global (2017): 296-321.

Citation

Citation: Anjali Somal., et al. “Mitigation Strategies for Cold Stress for Enhancing Livestock Productivity in Temperate Areas of Himachal Pradesh". Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 4.2 (2022): 81-87.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Anjali Somal., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate35%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days
Impact Factor1.008

Indexed In





News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is July 10, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"
  • Welcoming Article Submission
    Acta Scientific delightfully welcomes active researchers for submission of articles towards the upcoming issue of respective journals.

Contact US