Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences (ISSN: 2582-3183)

Research Article Volume 4 Issue 5

Prevalence of Ectoparasites on Large Ruminants in Jabitehinan Woreda West Gojjam Zone Amhara Region Northwestern, Ethiopia

Gizachew Nibret Tilahun* and Ayana Selamu Dessie

School of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia

*Corresponding Author: Gizachew Nibret Tilahun, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.

Received: September 22, 2021; Published: December 21, 2021

Abstract

This study was done from November 2019 to June 2020 to know and understand the prevalence of ecto-parasites and the potential risk factors in large ruminants in jabitehinan woreda. A total of 384 large ruminants were examined for presence of ecto-parasites. Accordingly, a total of 54.2% (n = 384) were found infested with one or more ecto-parasites. The major ecto-parasites identified in cattle in order of predominance were ticks (35.2%), lice (16.4%), fleas (2.08%) and mite (0.52%) were observed in order of importance. Three genera of ticks were identified such as Amblyomma, Boophilus and Rhipicephalus and also three genera of lice were identified namely Linognathus, Haematopinus and Damalinia and fleas such as Tunga, Pulex and Ctenocephalides and mite namely Demodex. This study has revealed two important risk factors significantly associated with the occurrence of ecto-parasite prevalence in the study area. It was observed that the prevalence of ecto-parasite infestation was significantly higher in cattle in risk factors of body condition and different age groups. There was significant association (p < 0.05) of external parasitic prevalence of infestation with the risk factors such as different age groups and body condition scores but no existed significant (p > 0.05) infestation with breed and sex groups.

 

Keywords: Ecto-parasites; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Large Ruminants

References

  1. Belachew H. “Livestock marketing and animal health in Ethiopia”. Paper presented at the 18th annual conference of Ethiopian Veterinary Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (2004): 36.
  2. Agaze T., et al. “Ethiopian journal of animal production. ESAP 1.1 (2013): 3-4.
  3. CSA, Central Statistical Authority. Prevalence of ecto-parasites fauna of ruminants in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa (2004).
  4. Leach I. “Economic importance of hides, skins and leathersin Ethiopia”. Control of Sheep and Goat skin diseases for improved quality of skins and hides MOA/FAO: 21(1998).
  5. FAO: Livestock sector brief, Ethiopia (2003).
  6. Minjauw B and Mcleod A. “Tick borne diseases and poverty-The impact of ticks and tick-borne diseases on the livelihood of small scale and marginal livestock owners in India and eastern and southern Africa. Research report”. DFID Animal health programme, Centre, for Tropical Veterinary Medicine University of Edinburghuk (2003): 1-116.
  7. “The causes of parasitic skin diseases in sheep”. Ethiopian Veterinary researchers and FAO technical cooperation project (TCP). Rome, Italy (1995): 45.
  8. MOARD Mange. lice and sheep ked control project in Amhara, Tigray and Afar regions, MOARD animal health department, Addis Ababa (2005).
  9. Ball Werber LR. Veterinary parasitology, British, Butter work, Heinemann (2001): 5.
  10. Mekonnen S., et al. “Ticks, tick borne diseases and their control in western Ethiopia”. Insect Science Applications 13 (1992): 661-64.
  11. Solomon G., et al. “Seasonal variation of ticks on calves at Sebeta in western zone of Ethiopia”. National animal health and research institute”. Ethiopian Veterinary Journal1-2 (2003).
  12. Zeleke D. “Major cattle ticks and their distribution in Ethiopia”. Veterinary Bulletin2 (1980).
  13. Decastro JJ. “Tick survey: - A survey of the tick species in western Ethiopia includes previous findings and recommendations for further tick survey in Ethiopia”. Food and Agriculture Organization Rome (1994).
  14. Kahn BA and Cynthia M. “Merck veterinary manual 9th edition”. U.S.A, and CO, INC (2005): 21.
  15. Hoopla CE., et al. “Ecto-parasites and classification”. Limited Company (1994): 200-201.
  16. Wall R and Shearer D. “Veterinary Entomology”. 1st edition, Champan and Hall. UK (1997): 431-439.
  17. Peter G. “Parasite and skin diseases”. J.A. Allen and Company limited. London (1995): 212-256.
  18. Bay DE and Harris RL. Introduction to Veterinary Entomology (A guide to Livestock Insects), stone fly Publishing: Texas (1988): 111.
  19. Hunter A. “Animal health specific disease”. Macmivan Education. Ltd; USA (1994): 104-142.
  20. Soulsby ESL. “Helmenths, Arthropods and Protozoa of domesticated animals”. 7th Bailiere. Tindal, UK (1982): 356-497.
  21. Radiostitis OM., et al. “Veterinary Medicine text book of the diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pig, Goats and Horses”. 8th Bailliere. Tindal. UK (1994): 234-250.
  22. Kennedy TB. “Arthropod ecto-parasites of vertebrates in Canada”. Veterinary Parasitology 1 (2006): 645-658.
  23. Kaufman PE., et al. “External parasites of sheep and goat”. Veterinary Parasitology. 8th edition (2008): 148-158.
  24. Tembly S. “Small ruminant production in Ethiopia: Prospects for improving productivity”. In proceedings of the 5th national conference of Ethiopia Society of Animal Production (ESPA) held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (1997): 82-89.
  25. Walker AR., et al. “Ticks of domestic animals in Africa guide to identification of species”. Integrated Control of Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases (2003): 211-219.
  26. Hindex CM. “Diagnostic Veterinary Medicine.2ndedition”. MOS by publication. Ltd (1998): 200-201.
  27. Fthenakis GC., et al. “Efficacy of moxidectin against sarcoptic mange and effects on milk yield of ewes and growth of lambs”. Veterinary Parasitology 87 (2000): 207.
  28. Bayou K. “Control of shoat skin diseases”. In: Iran, B.C.FAO, and Addis Ababa (1998).
  29. Yacob HT., et al. “Prevalence of major skin diseases in cattle, sheep and goats at Adama vet. Clinic, Oromia regional state”. The Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire8-9 (2008): 455-461.
  30. Sinshaw S. “Distribution of ticks and tick-borne diseases at Metekel ranch”. Ethiopian Veterinary Journal 4 (2000): 40-59.
  31. Okello-Onen J., et al. “Taxonomy of African ticks’ identification manual”. International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (1999): 124-125.
  32. Kaufman J. “Parasitic infection of Domestic animals, a Diagnostic Manual”. 2th Birkhauser, Germany (1996): 188-201.
  33. Urquhart GM., et al. “Black well science”. Veterinary Parasitology, 2nd edition Ltd. UK (1996): 141-142.
  34. Carlton WW and Mc Gavin MD. “Special veterinary pathology”. 2nd Mosby year book Inc. St. Louis. Missouri. USA (1995).
  35. Foreyet WJ. “Black well publishing”. Reference manual 5thedition, Iowa state university press Veterinary Parasitology USA (2001): 69-71.
  36. Pangui J. “Mange in domestic animals and control method”. Science and Technology 13 (1994): 5227-12497.
  37. Blood DC., et al. “Veterinary Medicine, a text book of the diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Horses”. sixth edition. Baillerie Tindall. London (1983): 963-968.
  38. Yeruham I., et al. “Mortality in calves lambs and kids caused by severe infestation with the cat flea Ctenocephalide felisfelis (Bouchae, 1835) in Israel”. Veterinary Parasitology 30 (1989): 351-356.
  39. Koechler PG and Butter JF. “Pests of humans and domestic animals”. UK. University of Florida. Fas extension (2003).
  40. Richard W and David S. “Blackwell science”. Veterinary Ecto-Parasite Biology and Control, 2nd UK (1997): 179.
  41. Yakchali M and L Hosseine A. “Prevalence of ecto-parasites fauna of shoats’ flock in uremia suburb, Iran”. The Journal Veterinarski Arhiv 76 (2006): 431-442.
  42. Richard WS. “A review of Melophagus ovinus, the sheep ked”. Veterinary Parasitology 2nd edition (2005): 141-155.
  43. Richard WS. “Ecto-parasites future challenges in a changing word”. Veterinary Parasitology 148 (2007): 62-74.
  44. Plant JW. “Sheep ecto-parasite control and welfare”. Small Ruminant’s Research 6 (2006): 109-112.
  45. Alello SE and Mays A. “The merck veterinary manual”. 8th Merck and CO, INC, White house station, NJ, USA (1998): 131-133.
  46. Thrusfield M. “Black well science”. Veterinary Epidemiology 2nd edition, UK: Ltd (1995): 182-198.
  47. Health ACG., et al. “Evidence for the role of sheep biting lice in producing cockle, a sheep pelt defect”. Veterinary Parasitology (1995): 53-59.
  48. Simeon H and Tesfaheywet. “Prevalence of ecto-parasite infestations of cattle in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia”. Veterinary World6 (2011):291-294.
  49. Nigist M. “A study on comparative prevalence of ecto-parasites in small ruminants in thee selected agro-ecological area of north west shewa zone of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia”. MSc thesis. A. A.U, F.V.M. Debre Zeit (2008).
  50. Tadesse A., et al. “Study on the prevalence of ecto-parasite infestation of ruminants in and around Kombolcha and damage to fresh goat pelts and wet blue (pickled) skin at Kombolcha Tannary, Northeastern Ethiopia”. Ethiopian Veterinary Journal 15 (2011): 87-101.
  51. Nigatu K and Teshome F. “Population dynamics of cattle ecto-parasite in Western Amhara Natonal regional state, Ethiopia”. Journal of. Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health 4 (2012): 22-26.
  52. Regassa C. “Preliminary study on major skin diseases of cattle coming to Nekemte Veterinary Clinic, western Ethiopia”. DVM thesis, F.V.M, A.A.U, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia (2003).
  53. Radiostitis OM., et al. “Veterinary Medicine a text book of diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goat”. 10th Edinburgh, Saunders Elsevie (2008): 1585-1612.
  54. Chalachew N. “Study on the ski diseases in cattle, sheep and goats in and around wolaytasodo, Southern Ethiopia”. DVM thesis, A.A.U, F.V.M, Debre Zeit. Ethiopia (2001).
  55. Endris F., et al. “Study on the prevalence of ectoparasite infestation of ruminants in and around Kombucha and damage to fresh goat pelts and wet blue (pickled) skin at Kombolcha Tannary, North-eastern Ethiopia. The Ethiopian Veterinary Journal2 (2011): 87-101.

Citation

Citation: Gizachew Nibret Tilahun and Ayana Selamu Dessie. “Prevalence of Ectoparasites on Large Ruminants in Jabitehinan Woreda West Gojjam Zone Amhara Region Northwestern, Ethiopia". Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 4.5 (2022): 102-113.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Gizachew Nibret Tilahun and Ayana Selamu Dessie. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate35%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days
Impact Factor1.008

Indexed In





News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is December 25, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"

Contact US