Prabhakar Reddy Veerareddy*

University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India

*Corresponding Author: Prabhakar Reddy Veerareddy, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India.

Received: October 04, 2021; Published: November 09, 2021

Animal models for drug discovery and research development have played a significant role in the drug objective identification, evaluation, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and efficacy [1]. As per the Animal Rule, the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) depends on the efficacy data from studies to conduct in animal models for the effectiveness of the drugs [2]. Drug breakdown is suboptimal preclinical data generated in animal models for a small number of indications to bridge the translational space connecting the preclinical and clinical studies [3]. In rats, cognitive impulsivity correlates with voluntary ethanol intake [4] and displays of impulsivity in monkeys predict the patterns of ethanol drinking [5]. Animal models will contribute effectively to the drug discovery and Medicine. Test compounds in relatively high-throughput animal models increased and it becomes gradually easier to design, synthesize, and screen the molecules with elevated affinity and selectivity for the biological activity [6]. United States of America (USA) was focusing on cognitive deficits which are useful in the industry, academia and government to address a large number of unmet medical needs. Development of translational science for the Central Nervous System disorders was the design of the advanced measures with joint construct validity between the preclinical and clinical research in confirmation of the animal models [7]. Development of the new genetic animal models has established exclusive useful in the dissection of neurobiological basis of anxiety behavior and avenues for the cure of anxiety disorders [8]. Clinical understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of the anxiety disorders was fundamental in the preclinical research and the Identification of suitable anxiety endophenotypes [9]. The animal models are used for learning or memory as analogues of human cognitive processes and the tests can be induced in normal or healthy animals by administration of drugs [10].

References

1. Singh VK., et al. “Animal models for acute radiation syndrome drug discovery”. Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery 5 (2015): 497-517.
2. Food US, Administration D. “Guidance document: product development under the animal rule”. (2015).
3. Van der Worp HB., et al. “Can animal models of disease reliably inform human studies?” PLoS Medicine3 (2010): e1000245.
4. Poulos C X., et al. “Increased impulsivity after injected alcohol predicts later alcohol consumption in rats: Evidence for “loss-of-control drinking” and marked individual differences”. Behavioral Neuroscience 112 (1998): 1247-1257.
5. Higley J D and Linnoila M. “A nonhuman primate model of excessive alcohol intake. Personality and neurobiological parallels of type I and type II-like alcoholism”. Recent Developments in Alcohol 13 (1997): 191-219.
6. Imming P., et al. “Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets”. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 5 (2006): 821-834.
7. Geyer MA and Markou A. “Animal models of psychiatric disorders”. In: Bloom FE, Kupfer DJ (eds). Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress. Raven Press: New York (1995): 787-798.
8. Jacobson LH and Cryan JF. “Genetic approaches to modeling anxiety in animals”. In: Stein MB, Steckler T (eds). Behavioral Neurobiology of Anxiety and Its Treatment. Current Topics in Behavioural Neurosciences. Springer-Verlag: Heidelberg, Germany (2010): 161-201.
9. Cryan JF and Slattery DA. “Animal models of mood disorders: recent developments”. Current Opinion on Psychiatry 20 (2007): 1-7.
10. Gnnizu E., et al. “A rapidly acquired, appetitively motivated, serial spatial discrimination reversal in rats for evaluating manipulations of learning and memory”. Society for Neuroscience 95324 (1983).

Citation

Citation: Prabhakar Reddy Veerareddy. “Role of Animal Models in Drug Discovery and Research Development". Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 3.12 (2021): 25-26.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2021 Prabhakar Reddy Veerareddy. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.