SK Raghuvanshi* and S Kumar

Limnology and Aquatic Biotechnology Lab, PG Department of Zoology, Bareilly College, Bareilly-243005 UP, India.

*Corresponding Author: SK Raghuvanshi, Limnology and Aquatic Biotechnology Lab, PG Department of Zoology, Bareilly College, Bareilly-243005 UP, India.

Received: September 01, 2021; Published: September 20, 2021

Abstract

  During recent years, the importance and need of fish biodiversity conservation has raised widespread concerns at global-level. This is because biodiversity is directly related to improvement of ecological productivity. The population of fishes is decreasing day-by-day due to changing climatic conditions as well as anthropogenic factors like, over-exploitation, habitat destruction, invasion of exotic species as well as urbanization and modernization. As a result, species extinction rate is thousand-times more as compared to the background rate. This emphasizes the need of developing and modernizing the fish seed production technology in eco-regime for stocking the water bodies and developing culture practices for long-term benefits of the inhabitants. In the present situation, where fish stocks are declining at alarming rate, conservation of fish germplasm resources can be considered as a promising and effective measure to counter the depletion rate in the future. Cryopreservation of gametes is basically a technique for storage of sperm/ova at very low temperature (-196⁰C) for long period of time in viable and fertilizable sate. This paper emphasizes the importance of ex-situ conservation of fish germplasm through gene banking.

Keywords: Gene Banking; Germplasm; Fish Biodiversity; Ex-situ Conservation; Cryopreservation

References

1. Department of Fisheries, GOI. Handbook on Fisheries Statistics 2018. Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Govt. of India, New Delhi (2019): 1-190.
2. Buyukhatipglu S and Holtz W. “Preservation of trout sperm in liquid or frozen state”. Aquaculture 14 (1978): 49-56.
3. Stoss J and Holtz W. “Cryopreservation of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) sperm. I. Effect of thawing solution, sperm density and interval between thawing and insemination”. Aquaculture 22 (1981): 97-104.
4. Legendre M and Billard R. “Cryopreservation of rainbow trout sperm by deep freezing”. Reproduction Nutrition Development 20 (1980): 1859-1868.
5. Durbin H., et al. “A note on the cryopreservation of grass carp milt”. Fish Management 13 (1982): 115-117.
6. Erdahl AW., et al. “Some factors affecting the preservation of salmonid spermatozoa”. Aquaculture 43 (1984): 341-350.
7. Rana KJ and McAndrew BJ. “The viability of cryopreserved tilapia spermatozoa”. Aquaculture 76 (1989): 335-345.
8. Cloud JG., et al. “Cryopreservation of sperm as a means to store salmonid germplasm and to transfer genes from wild fish to hatchery populations”. Progressive Fish-Culturist 51 (1990): 51-53.
9. Conget P., et al. “Cryopreservation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spermatozoa using programmable freezing”. Aquaculture 143 (1996): 319-329.
10. Aoki K., et al. “Cryopreservation of Medaka Spermatozoa”. Zoology Science4 (1997): 641-644.
11. Glogowski J., et al. “Cryopreservation of Muskellunge and yellow Perch semen”. North American Journal of Aquaculture 61 (1999): 258-262.
12. Cabrita E., et al. “Cryopreservation of rainbow trout sperm in large volume straws: application to large-scale fertilization”. Aquaculture 201 (2001): 301-314.
13. Kumar Kuldip. “Studies on cryogenic preservation of carp spermatozoa”. In: Fish Genetics in India (Eds., P. Das and A.G. Jhingran) Today and Tomorrow’s Printers and Publishers, New Delhi (India) (1989): 199-206.
14. Singh LB., et al. “Cryopreservation of fish spermatozoa”. Nat. Bureau Fish Genet. Resources, Annual Report 1990-91 (1991): 46.
15. Lakra WS. “Cryogenic preservation of fish spermatozoa and its application to aquaculture”. Indian Journal of Cryogenics1-4 (1993): 171-176.
16. Basavaraja N., et al. “Short-term and long-term preservation of fish gametes with special reference to mahseer (Tor khudree) spermatozoa”. Fishing Chimes6 (1998): 17-19.
17. Gupta SD. “Preservation of carp milt”. In: Training manual on breeding and hatchery management of carps for progressive Fish culture, CIFA, Bhubaneshwar (1999): 56-59.
18. Basheer VS., et al. “Milt cryopreservation of butter catfish, Ompok malabaricus (Val.)”. Nat. Symp. Genetics and Gene Banking of Fish and Shellfish (29-30 March) (2003): 62.
19. Raghuvanshi SK. “Studies on the biology and cryogenic preservation of snowtrout (Schizothorax richardsonii) semen”. D.Phil. Thesis submitted to HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal (2008).
20. Bhuyan PC and Kashyap A. “An overview of fish germplasm conservation with special reference to mass awareness for ex-situ conservation”. In: Conservation of Aquatic biodiversity (Eds. Bipul Phukan, Sangipran Baishya PC., et al. College of Fisheries, Assam Agricultural University (2020).
21. Blaxter JHS. “Sperm storage and cross-fertilization of spring and autumn spawning herring”. Nature 172 (1953): 1189-1190.
22. Blesbois E and Labbe C. “Main improvements in semen and embryo cryopreservation for fish and fowl”. In: Workshop of Cryopreservation of Animal Genetic Resources in Europe (Ed., D. Planchenault), Paris. (2003): 55-65.
23. Hiemstra SJ., et al. “The potential of cryopreservation and reproductive technologies for animal genetic resources conservation strategies”. Proceeding of the Symposium on the Role of Biotechnology (5-7 March), Villa Gualino, Turin, Italy (2005): 25-35.
24. “The IUCN Red list of threatened species”. Version 2017-1 (2017).
25. “List of threatened freshwater fishes of India”. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow (2010).
26. Goswami M., et al. “Bio-banking: An emerging approach for conservation of fish germplasm”. Poultry, Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences 4 (2016): 143.
27. Rawat US. “Reproductive strategies of a snowtrout Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray) in two riverine environments”. D.Phil. thesis submitted to HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal (2002).
28. Dar SA., et al. Conservation strategies for fish biodiversity (2019).
29. McAndrew BJ., et al. “Conservation and preservation of genetic variation in aquatic organisms”. In: Recent Advances in Aquaculture IV (Eds., J.F. Muir and R.J. Roberts). Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1993): 295-336.
30. Ponniah AG. “Conservation of carp genetic resources of India. Proc. Collaborative research and training on genetic improvement of carp species in Asia”. CIFA, Bhubaneshwar (26-29 July) (1997).
31. Zell SR. “Cryopreservation of gametes and embryos of salmonid fishes”. Annales de Biologie Animale, Biochimie, Biophysique 18 (1978): 1089-1099.
32. Bromage NR and Roberts RJ. “Preservation of gametes”. In: Broodstock Management and egg and larval quality (Eds., N.R. Bromage and R.J. Roberts). Blackwell Science, Oxford (1995): 53-75.
33. Cruea DD. “Some chemical and physical characteristics of fish sperm”. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 98 (1969): 785-788.
34. Dreanno C., et al. “Effect of urine on semen quality in turbot (Psetta maxima)”. Aquaculture 169 (1998): 247-262.
35. Jhingran VG and Pullin RSV. “A hatchery manual for the common, Chinese and Indian Major Carps”. Asian Development Bank and International Centre for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines (1985): 191.
36. Dehadrai PV. “Carps seed production in India”. In: Summary report of the Asian Regional Workshop on carp hatchery and nursery technology (Eds., R.C. May, R.S.V. Pullin and V.G. Jhingran), Manila, Philippines (1-3 February). Asian Development Bank and I.C.L.A.R.M., Manila, Philippine (1986).
37. Shrestha, TK. “Artificial Himalayan mahseer spawning: A monograph”. Tribhuan University, Kathmandu, Nepal (1986).

Citation

Citation: SK Raghuvanshi and S Kumar. “Gene Banking for Fish Germplasm Conservation". Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 3.10 (2021): 49-53.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2021 SK Raghuvanshi and S Kumar. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.