Ghadigaonkar Sushma¹*, Reddy Gopala A², B Kala Kumar³, M Lakshman⁴, Shiva Kumar² and Anudeep Reddy¹

¹Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
²PVNR, Telangana Veterinary University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
³Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
⁴Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India

*Corresponding Author: Ghadigaonkar Sushma, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mumbai Veterinary College, Mumbai, India.

Received: August 12, 2021; Published: August 21, 2021

Abstract

The present study was conducted to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of Ficus religiosa against 5-FU induced toxicity in rats. A total of 36 healthy male wistar rats of uniform age and weights were divided into 6 groups of 6 animals each. Normal saline (I), Ficus religiosa extract (II), Captopril (III) groups were control while next 3 groups (IV, V, VI) were concurrently treated with 5-FU, 5-FU+ FRLE, FU + CA. respectively for 14 day lipid peroxidation level was significantly higher while superoxide dismutase activity reduces in 5FU exposed groups. GST activity was significantly lower in vehicle control, Ficus religiosa and Captopril alone groups, concurrent treatment FR with FU showed decreased in LPO level and improvement in SOD, GST, GPx activities comparable to control groups. Histopathology study showed dilatation of cardiac muscle fiber, focal atrophy of cardiomyocyte with severe interstitial edema, and dilated blood vessels in 5-FU group. control groups showed no notable abnormal histological changes compared to 5-FU toxic control group. Heart sections of rats treated with 5-FU + FRLE, and 5-FU + Captopril showed morphology similar to that of control and exhibited reduced damage to cardiac architecture with fewer areas of congestion along with vacuolization. However, there was congestion of blood capillaries, swelling around the nuclei and focal haemorrhage in between the myocardial bundle. TEM of left ventricular myocardium of 5-FU toxic control group confirmed the light microscopic findings and revealed irregular nuclear envelope, dilated myofibrils with degenerating nucleus, dilatation of nucleus, dilatation of sarcoplasmic reticulum, disorganized, electron-dense and bizarre shaped mitochondria and congestion of blood capillaries. 5-FU significantly altered all parameters in study while groups that received FRLE and CA along with 5FU revealed significant improvement in all the parameters and the values were comparable to control group. Thus, it can be concluded that 5-FU is an anticancer that can cause cytotoxic effect, administration of FRLE altered those effects due to its antioxidant effect.

Keywords: Ficus religiosa; 5-Fluororuacil; Myocardial Antioxidants; HP; TEM

References

1. Korir RK., et al. “Antimicrobial Activity and Safety of two Medicinal Plants Traditionally used in Bomet district of Kenya”. Research Journal of Medicinal Plants5 (2012): 370-382.
2. Hostettman K and Terreaux C. “Search for new lead compounds from higher plants”. Chimia 54 (2000): 652-657.
3. Farnsworth N R and Soejarto D D. “Global importance of medicinal plants”. In: Akerele, O., Heywood, V., Synge, H. (Eds.), Conservation of Medicinal Plants. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1991).
4. Barry Halliwell. “Antioxidants: The basic – what they are and how to evaluate them”. Advances in Pharmacology 38 (1996): 2-20.
5. Ivanova D., et al. “Polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of Bulgarian medicinal plants”. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 96 (2005): 145-150.
6. Chandrasekhar S B., et al. “Phytopharmacology of Ficus religiosa”. Pharmacology Reviews 4 (2010): 195-199.
7. Charlers I M and Ogunde M. “Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy by Propranolol in hypertensive rats”. African Health Science 5 (2005): 29-32.
8. Singh U B and Sulochana S. “Handbook of histological and histochemical techniques”. Premier publishing house, Hyderabad (1997): 1-63.
9. Bozzollo J J and Russel L D. “Electron Microscopy: Principle and technique foor biologists”. Jones and Bartlett, Boston (1999): 670
10. Sukhdev S H., et al. “Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants”. International Centre for Science and High Technology, Trieste (2008): 1-22.
11. Balakrishnan S., et al. “Protective effect of Ficus religiosa on Cyclophosphamide induced oxidative stress in brain”. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry 4 (2014): 654-660.
12. Devanesan E B., et al. “Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Ficus religiosa”. Systemic Review Pharmacology 9 (2018): 45-48.
13. Eman T M and Ghada M S. “Evaluation of cardioprotective activity of Leptidium sativum seed powder in albino rats treated with 5-Fluorouracil”. Beni-Suef University of Basic and Applied Science 5 (2016): 208-215.
14. Hala F Abd-Ellah. “Ameliorative effect of Captopril against 5-Fluorouracil induced cardiotoxicity in rats: A study with light and electron microscopes”. Journal of Applied Sciences Research 8 (2012): 863-872.
15. Mukherjee PK. “Alternative systems of medicine”. In: Quality Control Herbal Drugs: An Approach to Evaluation of Botanicals, Business Horizons, Mukherjee, P.K. (Ed.). New Delhi, India (2002).

Citation

Citation: Ghadigaonkar Sushma., et al. “Evaluation of Ficus religiosa in Comparison to Captopril against Experimental Cardiotoxicity due to 5-Fluorouracil in Rats". Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 3.9 (2021): 49-54.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2021 Ghadigaonkar Sushma., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.