Shailesh Kumar Patel¹*, Mamta Pathak¹, Alok Singh¹, Aditya Agrawal², Jigyasa Rana³ and G Saikumar¹

¹Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar, UP, India
²Division of Animal Biochemistry, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar, UP, India
³Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, RGSC, BHU, Barkachha, Mirzapur, UP, India

*Corresponding Author: Shailesh Kumar Patel, Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar, UP, India.

Received: May 25, 2021; Published: June 05, 2021

Abstract

The porcine kobuvirus (PKV) is suspected to cause large outbreaks of diarrhea and dehydration along with vomiting in suckling piglets with a high morbidity rate. Despite of its global importance only few studies are available on the pathology of PKV. The present study was conducted with the objective to investigate the pathology of PKV in naturally infected Indian pigs. A total of 41 intestinal content and tissue samples from dead pigs were collected from post-mortem facility of, ICAR-IVRI during April 2019 to July 2020 and subjected to histopathological examination and molecular investigation. The 3D region of PKV was amplified using RT-PCR and 3D gene based Genetic characterization of Indian isolate of the PKV was done. A total of six out of 41 necropsied piglets were found positive for the PKV with the thickening and clouding of brain meninges, congestion of brain, pneumonia along with catarrhal and haemorrhagic enteritis as common gross lesions. Mild to moderate perivascular cuffing, congestion of meningeal and cerebral vessels, focal gliosis and neuronophagia along with mild to severe interstitial pneumonia and emphysema was observed as common microscopic findings. Intestinal mucosa revealed severe inflammatory changes along with sloughing of villi. This study reported the first pathological investigation of PKV from Indian pigs. In addition, the molecular characterization revealed maximum identity of 91 - 93% with Chinese strain of PKV, FJ459905 and Indian isolate of PKV, MH394282. Further explorative surveillance along with epidemiological studies is highly warranted to find out the real impact of the PKV on Indian pigs.

Keywords: Indian Pigs; Porcine Kobuvirus; Pathology; PKV

References

1. Reuter G., et al. “Complete nucleotide and amino acid sequences and genetic organization of porcine kobuvirus, a member of a new species in the genus Kobuvirus, family Picornaviridae”. Archives of Virology 154 (2009): 101-108.
2. ICTV (International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses). “Virus Taxonomy” (2019).
3. Khamrin, P., et al. “Epidemiology of human and animal kobuviruses”. Virus Disease 25 (2014): 195-200.
4. Lu G., et al. “First report and genetic characterization of feline kobuvirus in diarrhoeic cats in China”. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 65 (2018): 1357-1363.
5. Yu J M., et al. “Candidate porcine Kobuvirus, China”. Emerging Infectious Disease5 (2009): 823-825.
6. Reuter G., et al. “Evolution of porcine kobuvirus infection, Hungary”. Emerging Infectious Diseases4 (2010): 696-698.
7. Amimo J O., et al. “Molecular detection and genetic characterization of kobuviruses and astroviruses in asymptomatic local pigs in East Africa”. Archives of Virology 159 (2014): 1313-1319.
8. Zhou W., et al. “Molecular investigations on the prevalence and viral load of enteric viruses in pigs from five European countries”. Veterinary Microbiology 182 (2016): 75-81.
9. Jackova A., et al. “Porcine kobuvirus 1 in healthy and diarrheic pigs: genetic detection and characterization of virus and co-infection with rotavirus A”. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 49 (2017): 73-77.
10. Almeida P R., et al. “Diarrhea caused by rotavirus A, B, and C in suckling piglets from southern Brazil: molecular detection and histologic and immunohistochemical characterization”. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 30 (2018): 370-376.
11. “Porcine kobuvirus” (2015).
12. Chen L., et al. “Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of the porcine kobuvirus VP1 region using infected pigs from Sichuan Province, China”. Virology Journal 10 (2013): 281.
13. Cao W., et al. “Complete genome sequence of the porcine kobuvirus variant CH/HNXX-4/2012”. Journal of Virology21 (2012): 11947.

Citation

Citation: Shailesh Kumar Patel. “Screening of Indian Pigs for Porcine Kobuvirus (PKV): Is it Matters?". Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 3.8 (2021): 13-15.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2021 Shailesh Kumar Patel., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.