Abstract

  Corona viruses are a group of RNA viruses in the Coronaviridae family that are divided in four genera: alpha, beta, gamma and delta that cause disease varying from mild to severe in human and animals. The endemic human corona virus is alpha corona viruses 229E and NL63 and beta corona viruses OC43 and HKU1 that can cause influenza-like illness or pneumonia in humans. But, the two zoonotic corona viruses have emerged causing severe disease in humans: Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 - 2003 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus COV-2 is a novel corona virus that was identified in late 2019 as the causative agent of COVID-19. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the world-wide outbreak of COVID-19 a pandemic. It is spread from person to person via respiratory droplet nuclei. Its incubation time is 3 - 12 days with a median duration of viral shedding of 20 days. This virus is Sensitive to ultraviolet and heat. 75% ethanol, chlorine-containing disinfectant, peracetic acid, and chloroform can effectively inactivate the virus. COVID-19 has spread to the world rapidly (A threat of the word). The disease doesn’t have any treatment and vaccine yet. For Prevention and Control of COVID-19. By practicing Respiratory hygiene, especially by ill persons. Respiratory hygiene means to covering the mouth and nose during coughing or sneezing using medical masks, cloth masks, tissues or a flexed elbow, followed by hand hygiene.

Keywords: Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19)

References

1. Azhar EI., et al. “The middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS)”. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America (2019).
2. World health organization. “Laboratory testing for coronavirus disease (covid-19) in suspected human cases: interim guidance”.
3. LI F. “Structure, function, and evolution of coronavirus spike proteins”. Annual Review of Virology1 (2016): 237-261.
4. Cowley JA., et al. “Gill-associated virus of penaeus monodon prawns: an invertebrate virus with orf1a and orf1b genes related to arteri- and coronaviruses”. Journal of General Virology 81 (2000): 1473-1484.
5. Mcintosh K. “Coronaviruses: a comparative review”. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 63 (1974): 85-129.
6. Goebel S J., et al. “The 3_ cis-acting genomic replication element of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus can function in the murine coronavirus genome”. Journal of Virology 78 (2004): 7846-7851.
7. Jonassen C M., et al. “Molecular identification and characterization of novel coronaviruses infecting graylag geese (Anser anser), feral pigeons (Columbia livia) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)”. Journal of General Virology 86 (2005): 1597-1607.
8. Virus Taxonomy Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses (2005): eighth report of the international committee on the taxonomy of viruses edited by C.M. Fauquet, M.A. Mayo, J. Maniloff, U. Desselberger and L.A. Ball (2005): 950-955.
9. Peng Z., et al. “A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin”. Nature (2020).
10. EURO.WHO.INT: Preparedness, prevention and control of covid-19 in prisons and other places of detention interim guidance (2020).
11. Centers for disease control and prevention. “Environmental cleaning and disinfection recommendations. Interim recommendations for us households with suspected/confirmed coronaviruses disease 2019” (2020).
12. Centers for disease control and prevention. “How covid-19 spreads. From CDC - coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)” (2020).
13. Centers for disease control and prevention. “Interim clinical guidance for management of patients with confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19)” (2020).
14. Centers for disease control and prevention. Interim guidance for healthcare professionals. from CDC - 2019 novel coronavirus (2020).
15. Centers for disease control and prevention. Interim guidelines for collecting, handling, and testing clinical specimens from persons for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020).
16. Centers for disease control and prevention. Interim infection prevention and control recommendations for patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare settings (2020).
17. Kampf GTD. “Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and its inactivation with biocidal agents”. Journal of Hospital Infection 3 (2020): 246-251.
18. Roman Wölfel VM. “Clinical presentation and virological assessment of hospitalized cases of coronavirus disease 2019 in a travel-associated transmission cluster”. Medrxiv (2020).
19. Mcintosh K. “Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) - special situation: pregnant women”. (M. S. HIRSCH, EDITOR) (2020).
20. Academy of breastfeeding medicine. ABM statement on coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) (2020).
21. Lauer SA GK. “The incubation period of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) from publicly reported confirmed cases: estimation and application”. Annals of Internal Medicine (2020).
22. Xiaohong Yao. Chinese Journal of Pathology (2020).
23. LI Q., et al. “Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, china, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia”. New England Journal of Medicine (2020).
24. Medical expert group of Tongji hospital. “Quick guide to the diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia for novel coronavirus infections (third edition)”. Herald of Medicine (2020).
25. Nanshan Chen MZ. “Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, china: a descriptive study”. The Lancet (2020).
26. LI T., et al. “Beijing union medical college hospital on "pneumonia of novel coronavirus infection" diagnosis and treatment proposal (V2.0)” (2020).
27. Meyer B., et al. “Serological assays for emerging coronaviruses: challenges and pitfalls”. Virus Research 194 (2014): 175-183.
28. Zhao J., et al. “Antibody responses to sars-cov- 2 in patients of Novel Corona Virus Disease” (2019).
29. Lianghan Shang. Lancet (2020).
30. Chen L X J. “Convalescent plasma as a potential therapy for covid-19”. Lancet Infectious Diseases (2020).
31. Ministry of health of New Zealand. Updated advice for health professionals: novel coronavirus (COVID-19) (2020).
32. National health commission of the people’s republic of china. New coronavirus pneumonia (covid-19) diagnosis and treatment plan (Interim guidance V7) (2020).
33. National health commission of the people’s republic of china. The clinic guideline of convalescent plasma therapy (trial version 2) (2020).

Citation

Citation: Abduleziz Jemal Hamido. “Literature Review on the Recent Pandemic Disease (COVID-19)". Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 2.11 (2020): 16-25.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2020 Abduleziz Jemal Hamido. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.