Marie-Claire Cammaerts*

Independent Researcher, Retired from the Biology of Organisms Department, University of Brussels, Belgium

*Corresponding Author: Marie-Claire Cammaerts, Independent Researcher, Retired from the Biology of Organisms Department, University of Brussels, Belgium.

Received: October 10, 2022 Published: October 27, 2022

Abstract

The antiemetic active substance of Motilium, Domperidone, is very efficient, but is no longer authorized in France for children due to its side effects. These effects (reported e.g., in the notice for use joined to the drug package) concerns several health problems, but not many other physiological and ethological important traits which may be affected by Motilium consumption. We thus examined, on ants as models, if such impacts may occur. Motilium appeared to affect the ants’ food intake, activity, locomotion, orientation ability, audacity, sensory perception, social relationships, state of stress, cognition, learning and memory. The ants did not adapt themselves to the drug side effects, and developed dependence on its consumption. Motilium partly lost its effect in two hours, then became inefficient in about 12 more hours. Thus, Domperidone have effectively a lot of severe side effects. Researchers have found clinical analyses which allow predicting if the patients will suffer from this drug side effects. Therefore, since Motilium is very efficient, we propose to go on using it, but before using it to check if the patients could no suffer from side effects, and during the treatment (with the smallest possible dose and during the shortest possible time period) to monitor the patients as for the occurrence of side effects, e.g., decrease of activity and audacity, locomotor problems, social interrelations problems, stress, and dependence.

Keywords: Addiction, Audacity; Cognition; Nausea; Sensory Perception; Social Relationships

References

1. Dupont C., et al. “Treatment using Motilium of gastro-esophageal reflux associated with respiratory manifestations in children”. Annales de Pédiatrie2 (1989): 148-150.
2. Reyntjens AJ., et al. "Domperidome , a novel and safe gastrokinetis anti-nauseant for the treatment of dyspepsia and vomiting”. Arzneimittelforschung 7 (1978): 1194-1196.
3. Cha JJ., et al. “Antiemetic effects of Metoclopramide and Motilium suppository in patients perceiving Cisplatin based chemotherapy: a randomized crossover trial”. Journal of Korean Cancer Association2 (1990): 307-316.
4. Vadasz I., et al. “Examination of Motilium in the prevention of gastro-intestinal side-effects of different drugs in pulmonology”. Therapia Hungarica4 (1988): 202-205.
5. Huber G. “Treatment of gastro-intestinal complaints accompanying menopause with Motilium film-coated tablets”. Therapy Hung4 (1987): 227-231.
6. Brogden RN., et al. “Domperidone. A Review of its Pharmacological Activity, Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Efficacy in the Symptomatic Treatment of Chronic Dyspepsia and as an Antiemetic”. Drug Evaluation 24 (1982): 360-400.
7. Schey R., et al. “Domperidone to Treat Symptoms of Gastroparesis: Benefits and Side Effects from a Large Single-Center Cohort”. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 61 (2016): 3545-3551.
8. Cann PA., et al. “Galactorrhoea as side effect of domperidone”. British Medical Journal 286 (1983): 1395-1396.
9. Wehner R., et al. “Biologie et physiologie animales”. Eds. De Boeck Université, Thieme Verlag, Paris, Bruxelles (1999).
10. Russell WMS., et al. “The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique”. Johns Hopkins University, (2014).
11. Wolf FW., et al. “Invertebrate models of drug abuse”. Journal of Neurobiology 54 (2003): 161-178.
12. Andre RG., et al. “Insect Models for Biomedical Research”. In: Nonmammalian Animal Models for Biomedical Research. Woodhead AD, editor, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, (1989).
13. Passera L., et al. “Les fourmis : comportement, organisation sociale et évolution”. Les Presses Scientifiques du CNRC, Ottawa, Canada, (2005).
14. Cammaerts MC., et al. “Comparative outlook over three Myrmica species’ biotopes and foragers’ know-how”. Biologia 69 (2014): 1051-1058.
15. Cammaerts MC., et al. “The acquisition of cognitive abilities by ants: a study on three Myrmica species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)”. Advanced Studies in Biology 7 (2015): 335-348 + synopsis: 349-350.
16. Cammaerts MC., et al. “Are ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) capable of self-recognition?”. Journal of Sciences7 (2015): 521-532.
17. Cammaerts MC., et al. “Non numerical distance and size effects in an ant”. Journal of Biology and Life Science2 (2020): 13-35.
18. Cammaerts MC., et al. “Weber’s law applied to the ants’ visual perception”. Journal of Biology and Life Science 2 (2020): 36-61.
19. Cammaerts MC., et al. “Ants’ numerosity ability defined in nine studies”. Journal of Biology and Life Science1 (2020): 121-142.
20. Cammaerts MC., et al. “Summary of seven more studies on numerosity abilities in an ant, four of them relating to human competence”. Journal of Biology and Life Science2 (2020): 296-326.
21. Cammaerts MC., et al. “A synthesis of six recent studies on numerosity abilities in an ant”. Journal of Biology and Life Sciences1 (2022): 1-23.
22. Cammaerts MC., et al. “R. Ethological and physiological effects of the recently most used analgesic, ibuprofen; a study on ants as models”. EC Pharmacology and Toxicology4 (2018): 251-267.
23. Cammaerts MC., et al. “Safety of glucosamine, examined on ants as models”. MOJ Biology and Medicine4 (2018): 132-142.
24. Cammaerts MC., et al. “Side effects of chloroquine and hydrochloroquine examined on ants as models”. EC Pharmacology and Toxicology11 (2020): 57-82.
25. Cammaerts MC. “Ants as biological models for studying effects of substances used by humans”. JSM Anatomy and Physiology 1 (2016): 1003.
26. Cammaerts MC. “Some findings on ants as models, which should be considered for caring of humans”. MOJ Biology and Medicine5 (2017): 00027.
27. Cammaerts MC. “Ants as models for examining potential adverse effects of products used by humans”. JSM Anatomy and Physiology1 (2018): 1016.
28. Cammaerts MC. “Brief report of the effects of seven human drugs studied on ants as models”. MOJ Biology and Medicine 2 (2019): 42-47.
29. Cammaerts MC. “Harmful effects of humans’ environmental factors and drugs, and advices for a safer live; a study on ants as models”. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences1 (2021): 34-45.
30. Cammaerts MC. “Side effects of drugs studied on ant models: a mini review”. MOJ Biology and Medicine 1 (2022): 1-7.
31. Cammaerts MC. “Not sufficiently revealed side effects of three largely used drugs, i.e. furosemide, Apranax, Metformin, studied on ants as models”. EC Pharmacology and Toxicology6 (2022): 75-83.
32. Siegel S., et al. “Nonparametric statistics for the behavioural sciences”. Singapore: McGraw-Hill. (1988).
33. Cammaerts MC., et al. “An easy and cheap software-based method to assess two-dimensional trajectories parameters”. Belgian Journal of Zoology 142 (2012): 145-151.
34. Reddymasu SC., et al. “Domperidone: review of pharmacology and clinical applications in gastroenterology”. American Journal of Gastroenterology 102 (2007): 2036-2045.
35. Cammaerts MC. “Physical dependence on a substance occurs when the effect of this substance rapidly decreases after withdrawal”. JSM Anatomy and Physiology1 (2018): 1017.
36. Parkman HP., et al. “Domperidone Treatment for Gastroparesis: Demographic and Pharmacogenetic Characterization of Clinical Efficacy and Side-Effects”. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 56 (2011): 115-124.
37. Bryan A., et al. “Characterization of human cytochrome P450 enzymes catalyzing domperidone N-dealkylation and hydroxylation in vitro”. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology3 (2004): 277-287.

Citation

Citation: Marie-Claire Cammaerts. “Side Effects of The Antiemetic Drug Motilium (Domperidone) Studied on Ants as Models". Acta Scientific Pharmacology 3.11 (2022): 09-23.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Marie-Claire Cammaerts. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.