Marie-Claire Cammaerts*

Independent Researcher, Retired from the Biology of Organisms Department, University of Brussels, Belgium

*Corresponding Author: Marie-Claire Cammaerts, Independent Researcher, Retired from the Biology of Organisms Department, University of Brussels, Belgium.

Received: February 09, 2022; Published: February 18, 2022

Abstract

Working on ants as biological models, we studied the side effects of the largely used diuretic furosemide. This drug is very efficient; it reduces the water recapture occurring in the first part of the Henle’s loop. It did not impact the ants’ food intake, activity, audacity, sensory perception, social relationships, state of stress, cognition, learning and memory, what is in favor of its use. However, furosemide affected the ants’ locomotion, with no adaptation to this side effect; it leaded to water need, and unfortunately to dependence on its consumption. After weaning, furosemide rapidly lost its effect in a in total of 14 hours, but, though still differing from the drug-free situation 12 hours after weaning, its effect already differed from its initial at about 3 hours after weaning, what is perceived by consumers and leads to dependence. Ototoxicity has also been reported in the literature. We thus concluded that furosemide could be used for treating patients suffering from edema, but at the imperative condition of monitoring the patients as for their movements, their need of water (i.e. their hydration), their amounts of calcium and potassium, their possible deafness occurrence, and above all their possible dependence on this drug consumption. Practitioners should treat their patients with the smallest possible dose of furosemide, and regularly check the state of health of these treated patients.

Keywords: Dependence; Hydration; Myrmica sabuleti; Potassium; Sodium; Water Consumption

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Citation

Citation: Marie-Claire Cammaerts. “Adverse Effects of the Largely Used Diuretic Furosemide Studied on Ants as Models". Acta Scientific Pharmacology 3.3 (2022): 32-46.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Marie-Claire Cammaerts. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.