Current Treatment Approaches for Type-II Diabetes Mellitus
Ranjit Tajpuriya and Manjunatha P Mudugal*
Department of Pharmacology, Acharya and BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
*Corresponding Author: Manjunatha P Mudugal, Department of Pharmacology, Acharya and BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India.
Received:
May 22, 2021; Published: June 11, 2021
Abstract
Diabetes is one of chronic metabolic disorder. Increase in the concentration of glucose level in the blood due to impaired insulin secretion in the body state of hyperglycemia occurs which can be termed as Diabetes Mellitus. As proper treatment of the disorder is still undiscovered various management therapies either external insulin supplement or various other oral hypoglycemic agents are in use. Those available drugs are used only for the management of the disorder without any significant treatment. Such medicaments need to be taken daily throughput the lifetime. Since many decades the treatment approaches are made which still does not have any proper significance. Here in this review few recent treatment approaches for Type-II Diabetes Mellitus are discussed which may be helpful in the treatment of disorder.
Keywords: Metabolic Disorder; Insulin; Hyperglycemia; Glucose Level
References
- Perry RJ., et al. “FGF1 and FGF19 reverse diabetes by suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis”. Nature Communications1 (2015): 1-10.
- Bastaki A. “Diabetes mellitus and its treatment”. International Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism 1 13.3 (2005): 111.
- Fuhrman J and Sorenson C. “The end of diabetes: The eat to live plan to prevent and reverse diabetes”. Harper Collins Publishers (2014).
- Cheng CW., et al. “Fasting-mimicking diet promotes Ngn3-driven β-cell regeneration to reverse diabetes”. Cell 5 (2017): 775-788.
- Aleksova J., et al. “Glucocorticoids did not reverse type 1 diabetes mellitus secondary to pembrolizumab in a patient with metastatic melanoma”. Case Reports 2016 (2016): bcr2016217454.
- Meier JJ., et al. “Beta-cell replication is the primary mechanism subserving the postnatal expansion of beta-cell mass in humans”. Diabetes 57 (2008): 1584-1594.
- Parsons JA., et al. “Number and size of islets of Langerhans in pregnant, human growth hormone-expressing transgenic, and pituitary dwarf mice: effect of lactogenic hormones”. Endocrinology5 (1995): 2013-2021.
- Willcox A., et al. “Evidence of increased islet cell proliferation in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes”. Diabetologia 9 (2010): 2020-2028.
- Benazra M., et al. “A human beta cell line with drug inducible excision of immortalizing transgenes”. Molecular metabolism12 (2015): 916-925.
- Gianani R. “Beta cell regeneration in human pancreas”. In Seminars in immunopathology 33.1 (2011): 23-27.
- Collombat P., et al. “The ectopic expression of Pax4 in the mouse pancreas converts progenitor cells into alpha and subsequently beta cells”. Cell 138 (2009): 449-462.
- Li J., et al. “Artemisinins Target GABAA Receptor Signaling and Impair α Cell Identity”. Cell 168 (2017): 86-100.e15.
- Avril TF., et al. “Conversion of adult pancreatic α-cells to β-cells after extreme β-cell loss”. Nature 464 (2010): 1149-1154.
- Gruessner AC and Gruessner RW. “Long-term outcome after pancreas transplantation: a registry analysis”. Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation4 (2016): 377-385.
- Giorgakis E., et al. “Solid pancreas transplant: pushing forward”. World Journal of Transplantation 7 (2018): 237.
- Keymeulen B., et al. “Four-year metabolic outcome of a randomised controlled CD3-antibody trial in recent-onset type 1 diabetic patients depends on their age and baseline residual beta cell mass”. Diabetologia4 (2010): 614-623.
- Fioretto P., et al. “Reversal of lesions of diabetic nephropathy after pancreas transplantation”. New England Journal of Medicine2 (1998): 69-75.
- Soria B., et al. “Using stem cells to produce insulin”. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 10 (2015): 1469-1489.
- Seymour PA and Sander M. “Historical perspective: beginnings of the β-cell: current perspectives in β-cell development”. Diabetes2 (2011): 364-376.
- Frayn KN. “Metabolic regulation: a human perspective”. John Wiley and Sons (2009).
- Benninger RK and Piston DW. “Cellular communication and heterogeneity in pancreatic islet insulin secretion dynamics”. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 8 (2014): 399-406.
- Peiris H., et al. “The β-cell/EC axis: how do islet cells talk to each other?”. Diabetes1 (2014): 3-11.
- Jiang J., et al. “Generation of insulin‐producing islet‐like clusters from human embryonic stem cells”. Stem Cells8 (2007): 1940-1953.
- Shim JH., et al. “Pancreatic islet-like three-dimensional aggregates derived from human embryonic stem cells ameliorate hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice”. Cell Transplantation10 (2015): 2155-2168.
- Candiello J., et al. “3D heterogeneous islet organoid generation from human embryonic stem cells using a novel engineered hydrogel platform”. Biomaterials 177 (2018): 27-39.
- Kim Y., et al. “Islet-like organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells efficiently function in the glucose responsiveness in vitro and in vivo”. Scientific Reports1 (2016): 1-3.
- Walters NJ., et al. “Evolving insights in cell-matrix interactions: Elucidating how non-soluble properties of the extracellular niche direct stem cell fate”. Acta Biomaterialia 11 (2015): 3-16.
- Yin X., et al. “Engineering stem cell organoids”. Cell Stem Cell1 (2016): 25-38.
- Thomas D., et al. “Toward customized extracellular niche engineering: progress in cell‐entrapment technologies”. Advanced Materials1 (2018): 1703948.
- Bosco D., et al. “Importance of cell-matrix interactions in rat islet beta-cell secretion in vitro: role of alpha6beta1 integrin”. Diabetes2 (2000): 233-243.
- Lee JH., et al. “Collagen gel three-dimensional matrices combined with adhesive proteins stimulate neuronal differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells”. Journal of the Royal Society Interface60 (2011): 998-1010.
- Ris F., et al. “Impact of integrin-matrix matching and inhibition of apoptosis on the survival of purified human beta-cells in vitro”. Diabetologia6 (2002): 841-850.
- Weber LM., et al. “Cell-matrix interactions improve β-cell survival and insulin secretion in three-dimensional culture”. Tissue Engineering Part A12 (2008): 1959-1968.
- Schuppin GT., et al. “Replication of adult pancreatic-beta cells cultured on bovine corneal endothelial cell extracellular matrix”. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology-Animal4 (1993): 339-344.
- Rubino F., et al. “Metabolic surgery in the treatment algorithm for type 2 diabetes: A joint statement by International Diabetes Organizations”. Diabetes Care 39 (2016): 861-877.
- Rubino F and Gagner M. “Potential of surgery for curing type 2 diabetes mellitus”. Annals of Surgery5 (2002): 554.
- Cohen R., et al. “Glycemic control after stomach-sparing duodenal-jejunal bypass surgery in diabetic patients with low body mass index”. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases4 (2012): 375-380.
- Federico A., et al. “Gastrointestinal hormones, intestinal microbiota and metabolic homeostasis in obese patients: effect of bariatric surgery”. In Vivo3 (2016): 321-330.
- Rubino F., et al. “Metabolic surgery to treat type 2 diabetes: clinical outcomes and mechanisms of action”. Annual Review of Medicine 61 (2010): 393-411.
- Eisenberg D., et al. “ASMBS position statement on postprandial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia after bariatric surgery”. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases3 (2017): 371-378.
- Tack J and Deloose E. “Complications of bariatric surgery: dumping syndrome, reflux and vitamin deficiencies”. Best Practice and Research Clinical gastroenterology4 (2014): 741-749.
- Abraham A., et al. “Trends in bariatric surgery: procedure selection, revisional surgeries, and readmissions”. Obesity Surgery7 (2016): 1371-1377.
- Eisenberg D., et al. “ASMBS position statement on postprandial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia after bariatric surgery”. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases3 (2017): 371-378.
- Pories WJ., et al. “The surgical treatment of type two diabetes mellitus”. Surgical Clinics4 (2011): 821-836.
- Schauer PR., et al. “Bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy for diabetes—5-year outcomes”. The New England Journal of Medicine 376 (2017): 641-651.
- Dirksen C., et al. “Mechanisms of improved glycaemic control after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass”. Diabetologia 7 (2012): 1890-901.
- Bojsen-Møller KN. “Mechanisms of improved glycaemic control after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass”. Danish Medical Journal 4 (2015): B5057.
- Hallberg SJ., et al. “Reversing type 2 diabetes: A narrative review of the evidence”. Nutrients4 (2019): 766.
Citation
Copyright