Abstract

Chuquiraga jussieui J.F. Gmel has traditionally been used for its therapeutic virtues, nevertheless, scientific studies are scarce. The pharmacognostic, phytochemical evaluation and antioxidant activity of flowers, leaves, stems and roots of the species are presented. Some physicochemical parameters were determined for the powdered drugs and the hydroalcoholic extracts (30% ethanol), phytochemical screening was performed, and phenols were quantified by Folin-Ciocalteu and flavonoids by the aluminum-chloride method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by the FRAP, DPPH and ABTS tests. Significant differences were found in the physicochemical parameters notably substances soluble in 30% ethanol, total solids, phenols and flavonoids were higher for leaves and flowers. All the extracts showed ferro-reducing activity, although greater in leaves and flowers. All extracts demonstrated radical-scavenging antioxidant activity by the DPPH and ABTS assays, highlighting the extracts of leaves (IC₅₀ 40.57 μg/mL, DPPH and 242.2 μg/mL, ABTS) and flowers (IC₅₀ 40.60 μg/mL, DPPH and 286.0 μg/mL, ABTS) for having more activity. The pharmacognostic study can contribute to the development of quality control standards of the species and the antioxidant potential demonstrated in the extracts is associated with the active substances present in them.

Keywords: Chuquiragua; Phenolic Compound; Flavonoids, Physicochemical Parameters Antioxidant Activity

References

1. Dueñas RA., et al.“Phytochemical analysis and safety assessment of the extract of Chuquiraga jussieui F. Gmell”. Centro Agrícola 41.2 (2014): 79-84.
2. Villagrán C., et al. “Etnobotánica del sur de los Andes de la primera región de Chile: un enlace entre las culturas altiplánicas y las de quebradas altas del Loa superior”. Chungará 35 (2003): 73124.
3. , et al. “Inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity by standardized hydroalcoholic extracts of four Asteraceae species from the Argentine Puna”. The Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 42.9 (2009): 787-790.
4. Casado RA., et al. “Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antifungal activity of Chuquiraga spinosa”. Pharmaceutical Biology6 (2001): 620-626.
5. DueñasAA., et al. “Efecto antioxidante de la Chuquiraga jussieui J. F. Gmel en el ensayo de hemólisis”. Medicent Electrón2 (2014b): 57-64.
6. Zampini IC., et al. “Antimicrobial activity of selected plant species from the Argentine Puna against sensitive and multiresistant bacteria”.Journal of Ethnopharmacology3 (2009): 499-505.
7. Barrera AC. “Evaluación de la Actividad diurética del extracto de Chuquiragua (Chuquiraga jussieui) en ratas (Rattus norvegicus)”. Tesis de grado.Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. Facultad de Ciencias. Escuela de Bioquímica y Farmacia. ESPOCH, Riobamba 060155. (2015).
8. Miranda MM and Cuéllar AC. “Manual de prácticas de laboratorio. Farmacognosia y productos naturales”. Universidad de la Habana. Ciudad Habana, Cuba (2000): 25-49 74-79.
9. NRSP 312. Norma Ramal. Medicamentos de origen vegetal. Extractos fluidos y tinturas. Métodos de ensayo. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Cuba. (1992): 15-19.
10. Pourmorad F., et al. “Antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid contents of some selected Iranian medicinal plants”. African Journal of Biotechnology11 (2006): 1142-1145.
11. Memnune, S., et al. “Total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some medicinal plants”. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1 (2009): 102-106.
12. Chlopicka J., et al. “Total phenolic and total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and sensory evaluation of pseudocereal breads”. LWT- Food Science and Technology 46 (2012): 548-555.
13. Chang C., et al. “Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods”. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis3 (2002): 178-182.
14. Benzie IFF., et al. “The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of antioxidant power: The FRAP assay”. Analytical Biochemistry (1996); 239: 70-76.
15. Brand-Williams, W., et al. “Use of free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity”. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft and Technologie22(1995): 25-30.
16. Kedare SB and Singh RP. “Genesis and development of DPPH method of antioxidant assay”. Journal of Food ScienceTechnology4 (2011): 412-422.
17. Re R., et al. “Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay”. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 26 (1999): 1231-1237.
18. Arnao MB., et al. “The hydrophilic and lipophilic contribution to total antioxidant activity”. Food Chemistry, Barking 2 (2001): 239-244.
19. Agudo LM.“Técnicas para la determinación de compuestos antioxidante en alimentos. Autodidacta”. Revista de la Educación en Extremadura (2010): 27-34.
20. Lou Zhi-cen. “General control methods for vegetable drugs. Comparative study of methods included in thirteen pharmacopoeias a proposal on their international unification. WHO/PHARM/80.502 (1980): 8-39.
21. World Health Organization. Quality control methods for medicinal plant materials. WHO/PHARM/92.559. Geneva (NLM Classification: QV 766) (2011).
22. Miranda MM and Cuéllar AC. “Farmacognosia y productos naturales”. Editorial Félix Varela. Segunda edition, La Habana, Cuba (2012): 261-280.
23. Commission CP. “Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Chinese Medical Science and Technology Press. Peking 337 (2015).
24. Dueñas RA., et al. “Determination of Extraction conditions of Phenolic Compounds using Chuquiraga jussieui JF Gmel solid samples leaching”.36 (2016): 166-175.
25. Molina BAA. “Determinación de la actividad antioxidante de las especies vegetales Chuquiragua jussieui y Bidens andicola tomando como estándar de referencia al ácido ascórbico”. Tesis de grado. Carrera Química Farmacéutica. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Central del Ecuador. Av. Universitaria, Quito 170129 (2018).
26. Palma BMA. “Caracterización de la Chiquiragua (Chuquiraga jussieui JF Gmel con perspectivas agroindustriales”. Tesis de grado. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias aplicadas. Universidad de las Américas. Quito 170125 (2019).
27. Martínez JB. “Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante de extractos orgánicos de semillas de Heliocarpus terebinthinaceus”. Tesis en opción al título de Ingeniero en Alimentos. Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca, Huajuapan de León, Oaxaca, México (2007).
28. , et al. “Leaf disc assays for rapid measurement of antioxidant activity”.Scientific Reports 1884 (2019): 1-10.
29. Mercy R and Udo ED. “Natural products as lead bases for drug discovery and development”. Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine 2 (2018): 1-2.
30. Meera I., et al. “Screening of medicinal plants for iron chelating and antioxidant activity”. Biotechnology International2 (2019): 30-36.
31. Merghem M., et al. “In Vivo Antioxidant Activity of Ruta montana Extracts”. Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences 10.5 (2019): 470-477.
32. Safaria M and Ahmady-Asbchinb S. “Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic extract of medlar (Mespilus germanica ) leaves”. Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipment 33.1 (2019): 372-378.
33. , et al. “Antioxidant Capacity Connection with Phenolic and Flavonoid Content in Chinese Medicinal Herbs”. Records of Natural Products 12.3 (2018): 239-250.
34. Azlim AAA., et al. “Total phenolic content and primary antioxidant activity of methanol and ethanol extracts of aromatic plant’ leaves”. International Food Research Journal 17 (2010): 1077-1082.
35. Sunitha P., et al. “Phytochemical and Antioxidant analysis of the leaf extract of Malaysian Medicinal Plant Abroma augusta L”. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences1 (2018): 192-198.
36. Khan W., et al. “Antioxidant Potential, Phytochemicals Composition, and Metal Contents of Datura alba”. BioMed Research International (2019): 8.
37. Aryal S., et al. “Total phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant potential of wild vegetables from Western Nepal”. Plants 96 (2019): 12.
38. Toma CC., et al. “Comparative Studies on Polyphenolic Composition, Antioxidant and Diuretic Effects of Nigella sativa (Black Cumin) and Nigella damascena L. (Lady-in-a-Mist) Seeds”. Molecules20 (2015): 9560-9574.
39. Feghhi-Najafabadi S., et al. “In vitro antioxidant effects of different extracts obtained from the leaves and seeds of Allium ampeloprasum Persicum”. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology 8.3 (2019).
40. Kuskoski EM., et al. “Aplicación de diversos métodos químicos para determinar la actividad antioxidante en pulpa de frutos”. Food Science and Technology4 (2005): 726-732.
41. Padilla EC and PaucarVP. “Estudios de las propiedades antioxidantes in vitro de 10 plantas medicinales nativas del ABVP Aquarango, provincia de Azuay”. Tesis de grado. Escuela de Biología y Medio Ambiente. Universidad de Azuay. Cuenca (2008).
42. Ortiz PTA. “Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante, antiinflamatoria y citotóxica in vitro de diferentes extractos de Chuquiragua (Chuquiragua jussieui) obtenidos mediante secado por aspersion”. Tesis de grado. Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Universidad Técnica de Ambato (2017).

Citation

Citation: Viteri-Poveda., et al. “Pharmacognostic Study and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Chuquiraga jussieui J.F. Gmel (Asteraceae)". Acta Scientific Pharmacology 1.8 (2020): 03-14.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2020 Viteri-Poveda., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.