Animesh Das¹* and Akuthota Jyothsna²

¹ Doctor of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore,
560090, Karnataka, India
² B.Pharm. M. Pharm Pursuing Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Research,
Kakatiya Research Centre, Warangal, Telangana, India

*Corresponding Author: Animesh Das, Doctor of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, 560090, Karnataka, India.

Received: February 16, 2026; Published: February 28, 2026

Abstract

These case series represent a broad spectrum of patients admitted with sepsis and its associated complications, arising from diverse sources of infection and occurring in the presence of multiple underlying medical conditions. Patients commonly presented with fever, altered sensorium, breathing difficulty, reduced urine output, abdominal pain, cough, and burning micturition, all suggesting severe infection at the time of admission. The most frequent causes of sepsis were urosepsis, pneumonia, diabetic foot infections, tuberculosis-related infections, viral fever, and gastrointestinal infections. A significant number of patients progressed to septic shock, which required urgent monitoring and aggressive treatment to support blood pressure, respiration, and vital organ function. Several forms of organ dysfunction were observed, including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome, metabolic encephalopathy, meningoencephalitis, anaemia, and heart failure. Many patients also had pre- existing illnesses such as type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, hypothyroidism, bronchial asthma, chronic anaemia, and a previous history of pulmonary tuberculosis. These comorbidities increased the severity of sepsis and complicated management. Treatment primarily focused on early control of infection using appropriate antibiotics. In selected cases, antiviral drugs, antitubercular therapy under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme, and steroids were administered. Supportive management included intravenous fluids to maintain circulation, noradrenaline for patients in shock, insulin therapy for blood sugar control, and respiratory support with oxygen, nebulization, and bronchodilators. Kidney-protective measures, careful fluid balance, and symptomatic treatments such as antipyretics, vitamins, and nutritional support were also provided. Overall, these cases emphasise the complex nature of sepsis and highlight the importance of early diagnosis, prompt antimicrobial therapy, and comprehensive supportive care to improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality.

Keywords: Sepsis; Abdominal Pain; Lungs; Kidney

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Citation

Citation: Animesh Das. “Multisystemic Complications in Elderly and Diabetic Patients: A Case Series Exploring the Interplay of Sepsis, Chronic Comorbidities, and Infectious Burden". Acta Scientific Neurology 9.3 (2026): 35-42.

Copyright

Copyright: ©2026 Animesh Das. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.